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bio/environmental
Nur 100 bio/environmental
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The immune system | the body's major defense mechanism against infections, abnormal and damaged cells; bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites |
| the immune system consists of | complex intricate network of specialized tissues, cells and organs |
| the immune system's goal | to protect the body by seeking and destroying damaged cells while preserving the host |
| the immune system is activated by | major and minor injuries |
| an innate immune response is | vascular,cellular and healing |
| an adaptive immune response is | antibody and cell mediated |
| leukocytes | WBC's released from bone marrow |
| leukopenia | the decrease in WBC numbers |
| leukocytosis | the increase in WBC numbers |
| granulocytes | neutrophils, esinophils and basophils |
| monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells | are mediators of immunity, recognized foreign matter and initiate immune response |
| lymphocytes | principal effector and regulator of specific immune response, T cells, B cells and NK cells |
| antigens | invaders, provoke a specific immune response |
| antibodies | bind with antigens and deactivate them |
| 5 types of antibodies | IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE |
| lymph | via lymph nodes |
| T cells | become mature in the thymus gland |
| B cells | become mature in the bone marrow |
| T lymphocytes | mature into Helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, or memory T cells |
| Memory cells | are responsible for providing acquired immunity |
| cell mediated immune response | lymphocytes themselves make helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells to deactivate the antigen |
| innate immune response | first line of defense; non-specific (skin and mucosal barriers, vascular and cellular responses and phagocytosis) |
| vascular response | stage one; local blood vessels briefly constrict, vasodilation of capillary arterioles and venules allow inflow of fluid, fluid accumulates and swelling ensues, and drainage |
| vascular response aids in | localized invading bacteria and keeps them form spreading by trapping them in the fibrin threads |
| phagocytosis | the eating of one cell by another cell |
| debridement | when the cells are removing exudate from the cellular response stage, this sets the wound up for healing |
| reconstruction | when the cells begin to repair themselves, their goal is to end with resolution because some cells can regenerate themselves while others cannot |
| adaptive immune response | due to an initial exposure to an antigen, the body develops a memory and a plan against this antigen |
| antibody mediated | driven by B cells, B cells contact antigen and create antibody producing plasma cells and memory cells |
| immunoglobulin | antibody Ig; theses antibodies bind and inactivate specific antigens |
| B cells + antigen = | antibody producing plasma cells and memory cells |
| cell mediated | for sleeper cells that are hidden, initiated by T cells, cell mediated has a memory, additional exposures are treated quicker and more effectively |
| two types of cell mediated | killer T cells and Helper T cells |
| active immunity | body produces antibodies or develops immune lymphocytes against specific antigens; it can be naturally or artificially obtained |
| passive immunity | provides temporary protection against disease producing agents, protection is gradually lost, passive immunity can be naturally or artificially obtained |
| natural immunity | obtained by infection resulting in antibodies or transfer from mom to baby |
| artificial immunity | obtained by immunization with antigen or administration of antibodies in Ig |
| diagnostics | serum protein, protein electrophoresis, antibody testing, skin testing |
| vaccination | suspensions of whole or fractioned bacteria or viruses, nopathogenic |
| microorganisms | bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites |
| virulent | ability to cause disease |
| pathogens | are virulent organisms rarely found in the absence of disease |
| infections happen when | pathogen is able to multiply within the host |
| initial stage of infection | incubation period, pathogen begins to rplicate but no manifestations |
| prodromal stage of infection | manifestations begin to appear |
| acute stage of infection | pathogen proliferate and disseminate rapidly, toxic by products released |
| convalescent stage of infection | ins contained and pathogen is eliminated |
| nosocomial infections | acquired in health care setting, prevention is most important measure for control, wash your hands, patients are very susceptible. examples; MRSA,C-diff, and VRE |
| white blood cell count | WBC |
| WBC with dif | white blood cell count with differential |
| CTpr | ProCalcitonin |
| standard isolation | hand washing and gloves; treat everyone as if they have something |
| contact isolation | hand washing, gloves, gown; anything that you could touch or take to another patient |
| droplet isolation | hand washing, gloves, gown, mask, goggles; protect your from them as well as your other patients |
| airborne isolation | hand washing, gloves, gown, N95 mask, goggles, negative air flow room |
Created by:
katpeterson
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