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TEST #1- Cells
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is the study of the speicifc characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts | physiology |
| suffering or disease | patho |
| the study of the disorder or breakdown of the human body's fuctions | pathophysiology |
| homeostatis, disease, and illness | key elements of pathophysiologis processes |
| dynamic steady state, representing the net effect of all turnover reactions | homeostasis |
| temperature, cardiac output, blood pressure, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, acid-base balance, fluid volume, and electrolyte composition | parameters related to maintain homeostatis |
| causes the controller to respond in a manner that opposes or negates deviation from normal (set point) level | negative feedback |
| an initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system away from its steady-state operating point | positive feeback |
| disruption of homestasis | disease |
| genetic variations, cultural considerations, age differences, gender differences, situational differences, time variations, laboratory conditions, and baseline evaluations | various physiologic parameters |
| 12-16 g/100 ml of blood | normal women's range for hemoglobin concentration |
| 13-18 g/100 ml og blood | normal men's range for hemoglobin concentration |
| clacium ranges are slightly higher in ____ | women |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | ESR |
| less than 13mm/hr | men's ESR |
| around 13mm/hr | women's ESR |
| 0.4 to 1.3 mg/dl | women's normal serum creatinine level |
| 0.6 to 1.5 mg/dl | men's normal serum creatinine level |
| ____snore more, have longer vocal cords, better daylight vision, higher metabolic rates, and are more likely to be left handed | males |
| RBO count increases when a person moves to a higher altitude, this is a normal adaptive response to the decreased availability of oxygen at a high altitude | acclimatization |
| factors that vary according to the time of day | circadian rhythm or diurnal variation |
| age, gender, genetic and ethnic background, geographic area, and time of day | variations in physiologic processes |
| the mechanisms of its development | etiologic process |
| etiologic process, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations | three aspects of a disease process that form a framework for understanding pathophysiology |
| structural and biochemical alterations induced in the cells and organs of the body | pathogenesis |
| functional consequences of changes | clinical manifestations |
| an expression of altered chemistry, and dystunction is an inevitable consequnce | structure |
| the study of the causes or reasons for phenomena | etiology |
| when the cause is unknown | idiopathic |
| when the cause is due to an unintended or unwanted medical treatment | iatrogenic |
| requires the unusual environment of premature birth and high oxygen concentration, which causes damage ot the retina, resulting in blindness | retrolental fibroplasia |
| common disease involving many genotypes and a variety of environmental agents | coronary arteriosclerosis |
| an inherited condition that causes red blood cells to form sickle shapes when the oxygen concentration is low--leads to headaches, dizziness, and pain in the abdomen whe the sickled erythrocytes plug small blood vessels in the brain and liver | sickle cell anemia |
| genetic makeup and environmental interaction | the two causes of human disease |
| the "survival of the fittest" idea that is a struggle between nature (genetic makeup or inheritance) and nurture (environment) is ongoing | ecogenetics |
| inherited, congenital diseases/birth defects, metabolic, degenerative, neoplastic, immunologic, infectious, physical agent-induced, nutritional deficiency, iatrogenic, psychogenic, and idiopathic diseases | etiologic classification of diseases |
| are responsible for most neonatal deaths | prenatal influences |
| denotes the period of the utero life | prenatal |
| denotes teh first 2 months of life | neonatal |
| arise from abnormalities in the chemistry of the body | metabolic diseases |
| account fo more than half of all deaths in the US | heart attacks and strokes |
| approximately 50% of deaths from cancer involved___ | lung, stomach, colon-rectum, liver, and breast |
| at least 15% of all cancers are consequence of chronic infectious disease such as____ | hepatitis B and C (liver cancer), HPV (cervical cancer), and the Helicobacter pylori bacterium (stomach cancer) |
| when the immune system overreacts | ex: hypersensitivity reaction |
| immune system attacks one's own body | autoimmune response |
| when the immune system underreacts | ex: AIDS |
| disease-causing organisms that damage the body in some way | pathogens |
| any organism that lives in or on another organism to obtain its nutrients | parasite |
| an intestinal loop can slip through a defect in the abdominal wall and become trapped | hernia |
| the most common cause of death in developing countries | TB and malnutrition |
| emotional factors | psychogenic |
| the discipline involving the physiologic impact of psychic stress on the emergence of disease | psychosomatic medicine |
| most common type of hypertension | idiopathic hypertension |
| 10% of hypertension cases | secondary hypertension |
| refers to the development or evolution of a disease | pathogenesis |
Created by:
TayBay15
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