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Janssen Biochem
Mrs. Janssen's Chapter 2 Anatomy Test (Biochemistry)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Which element is found primarily in proteins and nucleic acids? | nitrogen |
If an element has 3 isotopes, which is most likely to be radioactive? | the heaviest |
Chemical behavior results from interactions of what? | electrons |
Which ion do acids release? | hydrogen |
Which ion do bases release? | hydroxide (OH) |
Where are electrons found? | valence shells |
How are ionic bonds formed? | transfer of electrons |
How are covalent bonds formed? | sharing of electrons |
What do acids taste like? | sour |
What do bases taste like? | bitter |
What are the two most plentiful salts in the human body? | Ca & P |
What percent of organic matter in the body is protein? | 50% |
What is the most abundant protein in the human body? | collagen |
What molecule forms the backbone of neutral fats and phospholipids? | glycerol |
Which type of group makes a phospholipid different from a neutral fat? | phosphorus |
Which functional proteins act as biological catalysts? | enzymes |
What is the single most important type of steroid in the body? | cholesterol |
Which sugar is a building block of carbohydrates? | monosacchride |
Which pH reading is neutral? | 7 |
All organic molecules have this element in them. | C (carbon) |
How many sugars are in a monosaccharide? | 1 |
How many sugars are in a disaccharide? | 2 |
How many sugars are in a polysaccharide? | greater than 2 |
Which protein base is not found in DNA? | uracil |
Which protein base is not found in RNA? | thymine |
What do electrolytes do for the body? | conduct electricity |
What are the 2 main categories of proteins? | fibrous & globular |
Neutral fats are also known as what? | triglycerides |
To permanently change or inactivate a protein. | denature |
Building block of proteins. | amino acids |
Chemical that resists pH changes. | buffer |
Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions | enzymes |
The molecule that carries energy in a cell. | ATP |
Molecules that store genetic information. | nucleic acid |
Lipid composed of glycerol & 3 fatty acids. | neutral fat |
Glucose polymer, storage form for glucose. | glycogen |
Lipid in cell membranes, steroids made from this. | cholesterol |
Class of molecules that includes neutral fats & steroids. | lipids |
Large molecule formed from amino acid chains. | protein |
Weak bond due to attraction between H+ charges. | hydrogen bonds |
Any molecule with the formula Cn(H2O)n. | carbohydrate |
Component of cell membranes, has hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail | phospholipid |
Water “loving.” | hydrophilic |
Water “fearing.” | hydrophobic |
Fatty acid whose carbons have the maximum # of hydrogens attached with single bonds. | saturated |
Fatty acid whose carbons have some double bonds. | unsaturated |
Compounds that generally have carbon in them. | organic |
Compounds that do not have carbon in them. | inorganic |
Reaction in which separate molecules are put together into one compound. | synthesis |
Reaction in which a compound is broken down into separate molecules. | decomposition |
Process of spontaneous decay that results in an atom becoming more stable. | radioactivity |
What is a 6-carbon sugar that forms a 6-point ring and is used as an energy source for cells? | glucose |
What is a lipid that is composed of glycerol and joined to 3 fatty acids? | Neutral fat |
This class of molecules includes neutral fats and steroids. | lipids |
What is a large organic molecule formed from a chain of amino acids? | proteins |
What is a fatty acid that has all single bonds called? | saturated fat |
What is a chemical that resists changes in pH? | buffer |
What forms between two amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis? | Peptide bond |
What is the process that creates a bond between two atoms by taking OH from one and H from the other? | Dehydration synthesis |
What kind of fatty acid has a kink in it due to at least one double bond between carbons? | Unsaturated fat |
What process breaks a bond between two atoms by adding OH to one atom and H to the other? | Hydrolysis |
What is a polymer of glucose that is used as a storage form for glucose in animals? | glycogen |