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Janssen Biochem
Mrs. Janssen's Chapter 2 Anatomy Test (Biochemistry)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which element is found primarily in proteins and nucleic acids? | nitrogen |
| If an element has 3 isotopes, which is most likely to be radioactive? | the heaviest |
| Chemical behavior results from interactions of what? | electrons |
| Which ion do acids release? | hydrogen |
| Which ion do bases release? | hydroxide (OH) |
| Where are electrons found? | valence shells |
| How are ionic bonds formed? | transfer of electrons |
| How are covalent bonds formed? | sharing of electrons |
| What do acids taste like? | sour |
| What do bases taste like? | bitter |
| What are the two most plentiful salts in the human body? | Ca & P |
| What percent of organic matter in the body is protein? | 50% |
| What is the most abundant protein in the human body? | collagen |
| What molecule forms the backbone of neutral fats and phospholipids? | glycerol |
| Which type of group makes a phospholipid different from a neutral fat? | phosphorus |
| Which functional proteins act as biological catalysts? | enzymes |
| What is the single most important type of steroid in the body? | cholesterol |
| Which sugar is a building block of carbohydrates? | monosacchride |
| Which pH reading is neutral? | 7 |
| All organic molecules have this element in them. | C (carbon) |
| How many sugars are in a monosaccharide? | 1 |
| How many sugars are in a disaccharide? | 2 |
| How many sugars are in a polysaccharide? | greater than 2 |
| Which protein base is not found in DNA? | uracil |
| Which protein base is not found in RNA? | thymine |
| What do electrolytes do for the body? | conduct electricity |
| What are the 2 main categories of proteins? | fibrous & globular |
| Neutral fats are also known as what? | triglycerides |
| To permanently change or inactivate a protein. | denature |
| Building block of proteins. | amino acids |
| Chemical that resists pH changes. | buffer |
| Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions | enzymes |
| The molecule that carries energy in a cell. | ATP |
| Molecules that store genetic information. | nucleic acid |
| Lipid composed of glycerol & 3 fatty acids. | neutral fat |
| Glucose polymer, storage form for glucose. | glycogen |
| Lipid in cell membranes, steroids made from this. | cholesterol |
| Class of molecules that includes neutral fats & steroids. | lipids |
| Large molecule formed from amino acid chains. | protein |
| Weak bond due to attraction between H+ charges. | hydrogen bonds |
| Any molecule with the formula Cn(H2O)n. | carbohydrate |
| Component of cell membranes, has hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail | phospholipid |
| Water “loving.” | hydrophilic |
| Water “fearing.” | hydrophobic |
| Fatty acid whose carbons have the maximum # of hydrogens attached with single bonds. | saturated |
| Fatty acid whose carbons have some double bonds. | unsaturated |
| Compounds that generally have carbon in them. | organic |
| Compounds that do not have carbon in them. | inorganic |
| Reaction in which separate molecules are put together into one compound. | synthesis |
| Reaction in which a compound is broken down into separate molecules. | decomposition |
| Process of spontaneous decay that results in an atom becoming more stable. | radioactivity |
| What is a 6-carbon sugar that forms a 6-point ring and is used as an energy source for cells? | glucose |
| What is a lipid that is composed of glycerol and joined to 3 fatty acids? | Neutral fat |
| This class of molecules includes neutral fats and steroids. | lipids |
| What is a large organic molecule formed from a chain of amino acids? | proteins |
| What is a fatty acid that has all single bonds called? | saturated fat |
| What is a chemical that resists changes in pH? | buffer |
| What forms between two amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis? | Peptide bond |
| What is the process that creates a bond between two atoms by taking OH from one and H from the other? | Dehydration synthesis |
| What kind of fatty acid has a kink in it due to at least one double bond between carbons? | Unsaturated fat |
| What process breaks a bond between two atoms by adding OH to one atom and H to the other? | Hydrolysis |
| What is a polymer of glucose that is used as a storage form for glucose in animals? | glycogen |
| What process is used to link amino acids together? | condensation |
| What kind of alcohol is found in a triglyceride? | glycerol |
| What subunit makes up DNA? | nucleotide |
| What enzyme in human saliva breaks down starch into glucose? | amylase |
| What color does iodine display in the presence of starch? | Black/purple |
| What color does Benedict's solution turn in the presence of glucose and heat? | Orange |
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