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Gr 7 Cells Ch 1
Cells and Heredity Ch 1 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cells | basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| microscope | an instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| compound microscope | a light microscope that has more than one lens |
| Hooke | used the microscope to look at cork |
| Leeuwenhoek | used the microscope to see "animalcules" and bacteria from teeth |
| Schleiden | decided that all plants are made of cells |
| Virchow | decided that "all cells come from cells" |
| cell theory | states that all living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things; and all cells are produced from other cells |
| magnification | the ability to make things look larger than they are |
| convex lens | curved shape |
| resolution | the ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object; the sharpness of an image |
| organelles | structures that carry out specific functions within the cell |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds plant cells; helps protect and support plant cells |
| cell membrane | separates the inside of the cell from its environment; controls what can enter and leave the cell |
| nucleus | the "brain" or control center of the cell |
| nuclear membrane | separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell |
| pores | small openings |
| chromatin | strands that contain genetic material, the instructions that direct the function of the cell |
| nucleolus | a structure in the nucleus where ribosomes are made |
| cytoplasm | the gel-like region between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| mitochondria | the "powerhouse" of the cell; produces the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another |
| ribosomes | factories that produce proteins |
| Golgi bodies | the cell's mailroom; receives, packages, and delivers materials from the ER |
| chloroplasts | organelles in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell; gives plants their green color |
| vacuole | a round sac that stores water for the cell |
| lysosomes | structures that contain chemicals that break down old cell parts |
| bacterial cell | cell that differs from other cells; it is smaller; contains a cell wall and cell membrane, but no nucleus |
| element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element |
| compound | formed when two or more elements combine chemically |
| molecule | the smallest unit of a compound |
| organic compound | compounds that contain carbon |
| inorganic compound | compounds that do not contain carbon (except for carbon dioxide) |
| carbohydrate | an energy-rich organic compound that changes sugars into starch; provides energy |
| protein | made up of amino acids; in meat, nuts, fish and eggs |
| amino acid | the twenty different molecules that make up proteins |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
| lipid | fat; found in oils and waxes; stored in the body for energy |
| nucleic acids | DNA and RNA |
| DNA | contains information that is passed down from parent to offspring; found in the nucleus |
| RNA | plays an important role in the production of proteins; found in the nucleus and cytoplasm |
| water | plays vital role in living things |
| selectively permeable | allows some substances to pass through, but keeps out other substances |
| diffusion | a process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| concentration | the amount of substance in a given volume |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy |
| transport protein | picks up molecules out of a cell and carries them inside using energy |
| engulfing | surrounding a particle until it becomes inside the cell; uses energy |
| Schwann | Said all animals are made up of cells |
Created by:
Dcoleman
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