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CLC Order
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What kinds of cells is the BNST made up of? | same as the CeA |
| What projects to the BNST | BLA |
| What are the components of the hippocampal formation? | entorhinal ctx, perirhinal ctx, perihippocampal ctx, hippocampus |
| How does the HP interact with the HPA axis? | it provides negative feedback |
| Subjective evaluation (brain region) | vmPFC |
| Integration (brain region) | vmPFC |
| Conflict monitoring (brain region) | dACC |
| Inhibits amygdala (brain region) | dmPFC |
| Conscious reappraisal (brain region) | vlPFC |
| Labeling experiences (brain region) | vlPFC |
| Planning and execution (brain region) | dlPFC |
| dmPFC direct amydala inhibition via the | ICM |
| dmPFC indirect amydala inhibition via | driving GABA interneurons in the BLA |
| Fear learning is the association of the __ with the ___ | CS, US |
| Fear learning occurs only because | the convergence of the US and CS in the BLA drives fear neurons |
| Fear extinction is not unlearning. It is | learning not to fear |
| Fear learning occurs in the | amygdala |
| Fear extinction learning occurs in the | dmPFC |
| Fear extinction occurs when the CS is shown without the | US |
| For the purpose of realism fear extinction takes place in : | a new context than fear learning |
| Fear extinction: the higher the mPFC activity the ___ the success of learning not to fear | greater |
| Context appropriate expression involves the | Hippocampus |
| The hippocampus acts on the ___ to decide which memory to express | BLA |
| TRUE OR FALSE: fear learning can only occur if you receive a US | False, observation is sufficient |
| Observational fear learning must somehow involve ___ processing, a function of the _____ | top down, mPFC |
| You will condition more if the one you are observing is ___ in relation to you | closer |
| In humans with lesioned hippocampi, what happens during fear learning? | they condition but do not have memories of it happening |
| In humans with lesioned amygdala, what happens during fear learning? | they have memories of it happening but don’t condition |
| Amygdala reactivity correlates with [hormone] activity | cortisol |
| The stronger the amygdala response (in fear conditioning) the ___ the BP | higher |
| BP increases when the amygdala drives what region of the pons (ie increased connectivity between the two regions)? | dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus |
| When shown emotional images (compared to neutral), an increase in amygdala activity predicts an ___ in hippocampal (entorhinal) activity | increase |
| When asked to identify images as male or female, increased amygdala activity predicts ___ reaction time | increased |
| The ability to stop/inhibit a response when shown a CS is reflective of | NBM |
| When a stop (in an inhibit a response paradigm) trial is successful the ___ is activated | NBM |
| In fear conditioning faces are an example of a | CS+ |
| Amygdala normally responds more to what kinds of faces | fear, anger, novel |
| An MEG scan tells us what about the amygdala response to Hariri’s Hammer? | it is a rapid, robust response |
| In brain recording tells us that in contrast to neutral (and with happy in the middle), the amygdala response to fearful faces is ___ and ___ | larger and more urgent |
| When shown faces two times in a row, what happens to the amygdala response | it decreases (habituates) |
| Why do faces, when seen a second time, elicit less of an amygdala response | they are no longer novel |
| What element of eyes creates the largest change in amygdala reactivity | eye whites of fearful faces |
| Even when fearful eye whites are shown below the level of conscious threshold, the amygdala still registers a change, why? | the low road/pulvinar processes the information |
| What change does seeing large pupils have on the amygdala, why? | an increase in activity because one wonders if it they need to mimic the arousal of the person they see |
| What two emotion/gaze combinations cause highest amygdala reactivity | fear direct, anger averted |
| Besides the amygdala, what region does fear direct and anger averted gazes drive? | NBM |
| Low spatial frequency images are processed ___ than high SF images | faster |
| High spatial frequency images are processed via the | high road |
| Low spatial frequency images are processed via the | low road |
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haleys_comet
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