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Atoms Section 2-1
Atom, Ion, Nuetron, Electron
| Term | Definiftion |
|---|---|
| Atom | The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, unable to cut |
| Protons,Neutrons,Electrons | The subatomic particles that make up atoms Protons- positive, neutrons-nuetral, electron-negative |
| Element | A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons that they contain. Same chemical properties |
| Mass number | the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called its |
| Radioactive | nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time. |
| Compound | A substance formed by the chemical compound of two or more elements |
| Ionic Bond | formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Main type of chemical bond. Positively and negatively charged atoms |
| Chemical bond | main type is covalent and ionic, forms when electrons are shared between atoms. |
| Van Der Waals | intermolecular force of attraction |
| Polar molecule | a molecule in which the changes are unevenly distributed. (-) and (+). Weaker than ions |
| Why is a water molecule polar? | Uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms |
| Cohesion | the attraction between molecules or the same substance |
| Adhesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance. |
| Capillary | Adhesion between water and glass also causes water to rise in a narrow tube against the force of gravity |
| Capillary Action | One of the forces that draws water out of the roots of the plant |
| mixture | a material composed of two or more elements or compounds. |
| Solution | All the components of a solution are evenly distributed |
| Solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| Solvent | the substance in which a solute dissolves |
| Suspensions | such mixtures of water, and non dissolved material |
| pH scale | chemists devised a measurement system to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
| Acidic solutions | contain higher concentrations of H+ ions than pure water and have a pH value below 7 |
| Base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution |
| Buffers | weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes |
| Organic chemistry | the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms |
| Macromolecules | Giant Molecules |
| Polymerization | large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together |
| Monomers | The smallest units |
| Groups of organic compounds | carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins |
| Carbohydrates | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms 1:2:1 |
| Monosaccharides | single sugar molecules |
| Polysaccharides | The large macro molecules formed by monosaccharides. |
| Important polsaccharides for plants | cellulose |
| Fatty Acids | unsaturated |
| POlyunsaturated | lipids whose fatty acids contain more than one double bond |
| Nucleotides | 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen |
| Amino Acids | proteins are polymers of molecules (compounds with an amino group) (NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group on the other |
| Levels of organization for proteins | Sequence of amino acids in a protein chain The amino acids within the chain can be twisted or changed The chain itself is folded |
| Chemical reaction | a process that changes or transforms, one set of chemicals into another. Involve changes in chemical bonds. RElease or absorb energy |
| Rust | Iron oxide |
| Reactants | The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Products | The elements or compounds produces by a chemical reaction |
| Activation energy | the energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzymes | speed up chemical reactions that are placed in cells |
| substrates | the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
Created by:
plok12345
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