Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO Unit 3 .03
For biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | the basic unit of life, of which all living things are made |
| What does it mean to be multicellular? | composed of many cells |
| What is an organ? | a group of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
| What is a tissue? | a group of cells that are similar in structure and that work together to perform a certain function |
| What does it mean to be unicellular? | composed of a single cell |
| What is the basic unit of life? | The cell is the basic unit of life. |
| What are most living things made up of? | Most living things are made up of cells. |
| What are cells made out of?(No, not more cells!) | Cells are made from only a small number of elements |
| What elements make up the cell? | carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N) |
| What do cells come from? | All cells come from existing cells. |
| How do multicellular cells function? | Cells in multicell organisms have specific functions |
| How is the structure of cells in a multicellular organism? | Cells in multicell organisms have a similar structure. |
| What happens when cells work together in a multicellular organism? | In multicell organisms, cells that work together form tissues. |
| Cell-->____-->_____? | cell-->tissue |
| Cell-->tissue-->_____?(continued) | cell-->tissue-->organ |
| Cell-->Tissue-->Organ-->____? | Cell-->Tissue-->Organ-->Organ System |
| What is a cell membrane? | the membrane surrounding the cell; composed of a bilayer of phospholipids |
| What is the Cell Theory? | the theory that states that the cell is the basic unit of life and that cells come only from existing cells |
| What is a Chloroplast? | the organelles responsible for capturing light energy in photosynthetic organisms; contain chlorophyll |
| cytoplasm | everything, except for the nucleus, that is contained within the cell membrane; it includes the organelles and the cytosol |
| cytosol | the fluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a network of membranes in a eukaryotic cell, some with ribosomes attached, that is interconnected with the outer nuclear membrane |
| eukaryotic cell | a cell that has a nucleus, multiple chromosomes, and membrane-bound organelles |
| Matthias Schleiden | Matthias Jakob Schleiden (5 April 1804 – 23 June 1881) was a German botanist and co-founder of the cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow. |
| mitochondria | organelles that are the sites of cellular respiration |
| nucleus | a cell structure that contains DNA and controls the functions of the cell |
| prokaryotic cell | a cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| ribosomes | small organelles, made of RNA and protein; sites of protein synthesis |
| Zacharius Janssen | Zacharias Janssen (also Zacharias Jansen or Sacharias Jansen) (b.1580-88, d.pre-1632 to 1638) was a Dutch spectacle-maker from Middelburg associated with the invention of the first optical telescope. |
| What did Robert Hooke discover? When? | Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665. |
| Who made the first observation of living cells and when? | In 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek and others made the first observations of living cells. |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch tradesman and scientist. He is commonly known as "the Father of Microbiology", and considered to be the first microbiologist |
| When did scientist realize everything was made from cells? | By 1839, scientists had realized that all living things were made from cells. |
| How are prokaryotic cells different from general cells | All cells have the same general layout, but prokaryotic cells are small and simple. |
| diffusion | process in which atoms and molecules move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane |
| How do atoms and molecules act? | Atoms and molecules in the environment are always in motion. |
| ____ Leads to _____. | Random motion leads to equilibrium. |
| What does passive transport do? | Passive transport allows materials to cross cell membranes without using energy. |
| The Particles inside and outside a ___ are in______. | The particles inside and outside a cell are in constant motion. |
| How do small molecules move? | Small molecules move through membranes via simple diffusion. |
| How do membrane proteins act? | Membrane proteins assist diffusion in certain cases. |
| What determines the direction of osmosis? | The concentration of particles in a solution determines the direction of osmosis across a membrane. |
| Krebs cycle | a cyclical set of reactions in which pyruvic acid is metabolized and ATP, NADH, and FADHS are formed |
| mitochondria | organelles that are the sites of cellular respiration |
| What happens when an organism breathes out air | it releases carbon dioxide (COS). |
| Who discovered the details of the citric acid cycle? | Sir Hans Adolf Krebs |
| What will the Krebs cycle do? | The Krebs cycle generates electron carriers that will fuel the next stage of cellular respiration-the electron transport chain. |
| concentration gradient | the region over which there is a change in concentration of a substance |
| cristae | the folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
| electron transport chain | the process by which oxygen is used during the production of most of the ATP from cellular (aerobic) respiration |
| What does the electron chain do? | The electron transport chain is a process that moves hydrogen ions across a membrane to produce large amounts of ATP. |
| What is the last stage of the electron chain | The last stage of cellular respiration is the electron transport chain. |
| What is glycosis and where does it occur? | The process in which pyruvic acid is created. It occurs in the cytosol of a cell. |
| allele | a specific form of a gene |
| characteristic | an identifiable or measurable feature of an organism, such as size, color, or texture |
| gene | a segment of DNA that directs the development of some inherited traits |
| heredity | the passing of genetic information from parents to their offspring |
| trait | the specific observable form of a character, such as tall for height, pink for flower color, or smooth for seed texture |
| selective breeding | Objects with desirable traits are bred together. |
| Gregor Mendel | Gregor Johann Mendel was a German-speaking Silesian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics |
| How long have people recognized aspects of heredity? | People have recognized some aspects of heredity for thousands of years. |
| Who made the earliest contributions to the study of heredity | Early plant and animal breeders contributed important information to the study of heredity. |
| Individuals can have two of the same alleles or two different alleles. | Individuals can have two of the same alleles or two different alleles. |
| What did Mendel show about alleles? | Mendel showed that alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation. |
| dominant | a characteristic of a trait, or of the allele associated with that trait, in which the trait is expressed even if only one copy of the allele is present |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a gene being considered |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a gene being considered |
| phenotype | the physical or detectable traits of an organism |
| Punnett square | a grid used to predict the results of genetic crosses |
| recessive | a characteristic of a trait, or of the allele associated with that trait, in which the trait is expressed only if two copies of the allele are present |
| organisms have two units of genetic information for each characteristic, such as flower color or pea pod shape, and that organisms receive one unit per characteristic from each parent. | organisms have two units of genetic information for each characteristic, such as flower color or pea pod shape, and that organisms receive one unit per characteristic from each parent. |
| The vast majority of cells that make up any body are called autosomes, which means they are not an egg or sperm cell. | The vast majority of cells that make up any body are called autosomes, which means they are not an egg or sperm cell. |
| Population | all of the members of one species that live in a common area and whose population dynamics are different from those of other populations |
| crossing-over | the exchange of DNA between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis |
| sexual reproduction | the process by which organisms produce a new, genetically unique organism using gametes |
| adenine | a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotides that make up DNA or RNA; pairs with thymine and uracil |
| cytosine | a nitrogen containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotides that makes up DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine. |
| Deoxyribose | a monosaccharide; the sugar component of DNA. |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic (dee-AHK-sih-riy-boh-nyoo-KLEE-ihk) acid; this is the molecule, unique to each individual, carrying the genetic information to be found in every cell; all the information an organism needs to live and reproduce is contained in its DNA |
| guanine | a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotide that makes up DNA or RNA; pairs with cytosine |
| nucleotide | a subunit of a nucleic acid that consists of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base |
| thymine | a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotide that makes up DNA; pairs with adenine. |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; a linear RNA molecule that contains codons |
| ribose | a monosaccharide; the sugar component of RNA |
| What process is mRNA apart of? | mRNA is a part of translation. |
| Condon | a sequence of three bases that codes for a single amino acid |
| What is the DNA code organized into? | The DNA code is also organized into codons. Even though the mRNA is complementary to the DNA code, its triplet nucleotides are still called codons. |
| Anticondon | a sequence of three bases in a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon in mRNA |
| What are rRNA and Proteins assembled into? | rRNA and proteins are assembled into ribosomes. |
| What is the main organelle involved in translation? | The main organelle involved in translation is the ribosomes |
| Where rRNA made? What does it do then? | rRNA is made in the nucleolus within the nucleus. It migrates to the cytoplasm and combines with proteins; together they form a ribosomes. |
| What does mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA do once they are transcribed? | Once mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA have been transcribed and have migrated to the cytoplasm, they begin work linking amino acids into specific proteins. |
| In what sense are all components of translation similar? | All components of translation migrate into the cytoplasm. |
| Translation takes place in the presence of what? | Translation takes place in the presence of a number of different kinds of enzymes. |
| What needs to happen in order for translation to occur? | For translation to occur, a number of enzymes must act to catalyze different kinds of chemical reactions. |
| Genetic Code | the relationship in which each codon determines each amino acid used for making a protein |
| Condon | The genetic code connects codons from an mRNA strand to an amino acid. |
| adenine triphosphate | ATP; the molecule that delivers usable chemical energy for almost all processes and reactions that a cell must undergo to survive |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; this is the molecule, unique to each individual, carrying the genetic information to be found in every cell; all the information an organism needs to live and reproduce is contained in its DNA |
| enzyme | a protein that is a catalyst for chemical reactions in organisms; it increases the rate of the reaction without being used up or changed |
| gene | a segment of DNA that directs the development of some inherited traits |
| proteins | one of the four major classes of large organic molecules, made of amino acids |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; nucleic acid that uses the instructions stored in DNA to build proteins. |
| Transcription | the synthesis of an RNA molecule using a DNA molecule for a template |
| Translation | the process in which proteins are produced based on instructions carried by mRNA |
| adenine | a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotides that make up DNA or RNA; pairs with thymine and uracil |
| cytosine | a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotide that makes up DNA or RNA; pairs with guanine |
| deoxyribose | a monosaccharide; the sugar component of DNA |
| guanine | a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotide that makes up DNA or RNA; pairs with cytosine |
| nucleotide | a subunit of a nucleic acid that consists of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base |
| thymine | a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotide that makes up DNA; pairs with adenine |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; a linear RNA molecule that contains codons |
| Ribose | a monosaccharide; the sugar component of RNA |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; a type of RNA molecule that makes up the main part of the structure of a ribosome |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; a type of RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis at ribosomes |
| uracil | a nitrogen-containing base that is part of one of the types of nucleotide that makes up RNA; pairs with adenine |
| What is the first step of the scientific method? | Make observations and ask questions |
| What is the second step of the scientific method | Form a hypothesis |
| What is the third step in the scientific method? | Perform an experiment |
| What is the fourth step in the scientific method? | Draw conclusions |
| the formula for photosynthesis is? | 6CO2+6H2O+energy--->C6H12O6+6O2 |
| The formula for Aerobic Respiration | C6H12O6+6O2--->6CO2+6H2O+energy |
| Often times the structure of an organism what? | Often times the structure of a particular organelle, body part, or the entire organism relates to its function. |
| If you take apart any biological system where would you be? | The Chemical Level |
| Chemicals bonds form when... | Chemicals bonds form when neutral atoms lose or gain electrons to form ionic bonds, or when neutral atoms share electrons. |
| Polarity of water molecules makes em what? | Polarity of water molecules makes them sticky. |
| The distribution of electrical charges causes the hydrogen molecules to line up. | The distribution of electrical charges causes the hydrogen molecules to line up. |
Created by:
to
Popular Biology sets