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Chapter 7 The Ce;;
Bio 115 Exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell theory | summary of how cells work |
| cell wall | rigid, structural cell component that is outside the plasma membrane in plant and some other cells |
| cilia | short, mobile projections used to move materials across cell surface |
| cytoplasm | material within the cell membrane that undergoes the chemical processes of life |
| cytosol | the semifluid matric of the cell |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | double-stranded containing nucleotides that contain deoxyribose |
| eukaryote | major cell type defined by the presence of nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles |
| flagellum | long, whip-like tail used for movement; composed of several protein rings by which ATP- driven motor pumps remove protons from the cell. When re-entering, protons for flagellum to turn |
| gylcocalyx | polymeric material used by bacteria for protection and growth of biofilm |
| nucleoid | Specific region in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell where genetic material is stored. |
| plasma membrane | serves as barrier between the living cell and outside environment, composed of phospholipid bilayer containing proteins and other components |
| prokaryote | type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-cound organelles |
| ribosome | protein-producing factories of the cell; protein-RNA complex that facilitates the interactiong of mRNA and tRNA |
| ATP synthase | enzyme complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane that couples the electrochemical proton gradien to stp generation, forming ATP through oxidative phosphorylation |
| cellular respiration | process by which energy is released and captures from the breakdown of organic molecules, most notably glucose |
| chemiosmosis | the biochemical process by which an electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions is coupled to the production of ATP |
| citric acid cycle | a cyclic process by which acetyl-CoA is completely broken down to form NAPH, FADH2 & ATP |
| electron transport chain | series of protein complexes & small molecules that accept electrons from NADH and FADH2 & transfer them to molecular oxygen. Energy released in the process is used to establish an electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions to be used for chemosmosis |
| Thylakoid | Photosynthetic pigments; e-transport |
| Granum | thylakoid stack |
| stroma | liquid like interior of chloroplast. fills empty space |
| glycolysis | the biochemical process by which glucose is broken down into two molecules of the 3-carbon compund pyruvate |
| monomer | individual molecule that can be joined to other molecules to form a larger macromolecule or polymer |
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mariaha_
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