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animal repro one

15

QuestionAnswer
three stages of animal sexual reproduction gametogenesis, mating, fertilization
benefits of asexual reproduction energetically less demanding, but does not generate genetic diversity within a population
benefits/costs of sexual reproduction requires produciton of haploid gametes by males and females
describe parthenogensis in whiptail lizards female-only species engages in courtship and mating behavior; one individual assumes behavior of both sexes during the reproductive season
how do daphnia respond to environmental cues in spring/summer -> daphnia produce diploid daughter, early fall -> begin producing diploid sons, both sexes produce gametes, which fuse and overwinter as eggs
what causes switch from producing daughters to sons food scarcity and shorter days
in what species of daphnia is sexual reproduction more common crowded populations than sparse populations
describe spermatogensis start with spermatogonium may divide by mitosis to form more) then primary spermatocyte by mitosis, secondary by meiosis one, spermatids by meiosis two
describe oogensis oogonium (2n) -> mitosis & differentiation primary oocyte (2n) -> meiosis one secondary oocyte/polar body () -> meiosis 2 ootid -> mature egg cell
external fertiliation aquatic, large numbers of gametes,synchronous gamete release necessary
internal fertilization terrestrial, copulation/spermatophore transfer...leads to sexual selection among males
sperm competition phenomenon that causes unique behabiors and traits to appear via sexual selection
exmples of sperm competition mate guarding, copulatory plugs
mate guarding advantage of preventing multiple matings in female has to outweigh loss of opportunity to mate with other females
what leads to sperm competition? multiple mates...adaptations that affect likelihood of another male's pserm fertilizing hte eggs
parental investment any investment that incrases the offspring's chances of survival at the cost of hte parent's ability to invest in other offspring
sex limitations in investment more - limited by access to resources for investment/ less - ability to mate with sex that invests more
examples of parental investment caring for young, nuptial gifts, edible spermaophores, foraging for young
benefits of promiscuity in chimpanzess females maximize reproductive success while having support of males in communities; males maximize chances and able to vary througout lives mating strategies
describe polyandry in pipefish males provide nutrients and oxygen to fertilized eggs within a brood pouch for several weeks (within time female can produce two clutches)
in polyandry who is choosier sex males...females scramble for access to males so sexual selection for larger decorated females
monogamy in sea horses females exhibit mate guarding to prevent male from mating iwth other females and remains with one male during season
Created by: nkjohnston1424
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