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7th grade Science 4

Rocks

TermDefinition
rock A solid mixture of minerals and other materials.
rock-forming minerals One of the common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth’s crust.
granite A usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust.
basalt A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust.
rock What the earth's crust is made out of.
Geologists observe the following when studying rock sample: mineral composition, color, and texture.
Granite is made up of: quartz, feldspar, hornblende, and mica
color color alone does not provide enough information to identify a rock
texture texture IS very useful in identifying a rock
grains The particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture.
texture The look and feel of a rock’s surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock’s grains.
Classifications of rocks igneous rock, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock.
Igneous rock forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
sedimentary rock forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
metamorphic rock forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
extrusive rock Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth’s surface.
intrusive rock Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
silica A material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon.
igneous rock used for tools and building materials
igneous rock pumice and obsidian are examples of this type of rock and are used to make sharp tools for cutting and scraping
sediment Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms.
sediment may include shells, bones, leaves, stems, and other remains of living things
sedimentary rock formed through a series of processes: erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation
erosion The destructive process in which water or wind loosens and carries away fragments of rock.
deposition The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it.
compaction The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight.
cementation The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass.
Three types of sedimentary rock clastic rocks, organic rocks, and chemical rocks
clastic rock Sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure.
common clastic rocks shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia
organic rock Sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers.
common organic rock coal and limestone
chemical rock Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution.
coal forms from the remains of swamp plants buried in water
Sandstone and limestone are useful as building materials they are soft enough to be cut easily into blocks or slabs.
coral reef A structure of calcite skeletons built up by coral animals in warm, shallow ocean water
coral reef occurs within 40 meters of the water’s surface, because Below 40 mbters, there is not enough light for the algae to grow.
coral reef forming when coral animals die, their skeletons remain. More corals build on top of them, gradually forming a coral reef.
metamorphic rocks classified by the arrangement of the grains that make up the rocks.
foilated Term used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands.
metamorphic rocks Marble and slate
slate it comes in a variety of colors and it splits easily into flat pieces.
rock cycle A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another.
Created by: Jenstack
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