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The Cell

TermDefinition
Cell Theory Cells are the basic structural unit of life. Each cell maintains homeostasis. The division of pre-existing cells produces new cells.
Functions of the Cell Membrane Separation of the cytoplasm from the extra cellular fluid. Regulation of exchange of materials with the environment. Sensitivity to changes in the exracellular fluid. Structural Support.
Selectively Permeable Controls what enters the cell allowing some substances to pass through the membrane and not others.
Basis for Passage Selection into the cell Size, Shape, Electrical Charge, Lipid Solubility
Diffusion Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration or along its concentration gradient. Does not require energy.
Osmosis The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. Does not require energy.
Active Transport The movement of a substance from low concentration to high concentration - against its concentration gradient. Requires cellular energy or ATP.
Placement of a cell in a Hypotonic Solution Water rushes into the cell causing it to blow up and burst (lyse).
Placement of a cell in a Hypertonic Solution Water rushes out of the cell causing the cell to shrivel up (crenate).
Placement of a cell in an isotoic Solution Water moves in and out of the cell equally and maintains the cell's shape.
Cilia Special surface extensions that move fluid across the surface of the cells. Found in the respiratory tract.
Flagella Special surface extension that moves a cell through a fluid medium.
Microvilli Special surface feature that increases the surface area of the cell for absorption of nutrients into the blood.
Mitochondria Cell organelle that produces and stores ATP to power cellular operations.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell organelle responsible for the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates.
Ribosomes Cell organelle responsible for the synthesis of proteins. Can be free roaming in the cell or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum to form rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Lysosomes Cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes used to destroy and clean up foreign objects and waste material within the cell.
Golgi Apparatus Cell organelle responsible for the processing and packaging of materials for export out of the cell through vesicles.
Endocytosis Packaging of materials for importation into the cell.
Pinocytosis Movement of a fluid filled vesicle for movement into the cell.
Phagocytosis Movement of a solid filled vesicle for movement into the cell.
Nucleus Cell organelle that is the control center of the cell and contains DNA.
Triplet Code A series of 3 nitrogen base pairs on DNA that codes for a single amino acid.
Gene An entire set of triplet codes needed to produce a specific protein.
Mitosis Cellular division that produces body cells. The daughter cells contain 46 chromosomes.
Meiosis Cellular division that produces sex cells. The daughter cells contain 23 chromosomes.
Interphase The stage in a cell's life cycle in which the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division.
Metaphase The stage in a cell's life cycle in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the midline of the cell.
Telophase The stage in a cell's life cycle when the new nuclear envelope forms giving rise to daughter cells, the chromosomes uncoil and cytokinesis occurs.
Anaphase The stage in a cell's life cycle in which the paired chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the spindle apparatus at either end of the dividing cell.
Prophase The stage in a cell's life cycle characterized by the disappearance of the spindle apparatus, the reappearance of the nuclear membranes and the disappearance of the chromosomes.
Created by: Mrs. Crossman
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