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Cell Biology ch. 5
Cell Structure and Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell surface markers | identify cell types |
| Receptor proteins | recognize and bind to substances outside the cell |
| Enzymes | assist chemical reactions inside the cell |
| Transport proteins | help substances move across the cell membrane |
| christae | the many folds of the inner phospholipid membrane that contain proteins that carry out the chemical reactions that create energy |
| autophagy | within a cell, lysosomes digest worn-out organelles |
| autolysis | break down cells when it is time for them to die, if they no longer function properly, or if there is too many of them |
| prokaryotes | organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| eukaryotes | organisms made of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| Cell (Plasma) Membrane | gateway to the cell, allows substances to enter and exit |
| Nucleus | houses and protects the cells DNA in eukaryotes |
| Nuclear Envelope | 2 phospholipid bilayers surrounding the nucleus |
| Nuclear Pores | holes in the envelope that allow substances to enter and exit |
| Nucleolus | site where DNA concentrates when it is in the process of making ribosomes |
| Mitochondria | convert glucose into energy |
| ribosomes | build proteins |
| endoplasmic reticulum | production and transportation of substances within the cell |
| Rough ER | produces phospholipids and proteins |
| Smooth ER | builds lipids |
| Golgi Apparatus | transports and modifies vesicles containing lipids or proteins |
| Vesicles | migrate to and merge with the plasma membrane to release their contents to the outside of the cell |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of thin tubes that crisscrosses the cytosol gives shape to the cell from the inside, act as a system of tracks that guide organelles and molecules as they move within the cell, hold organelles in place |
| Cilia | short hair-like structures that extend from the surface of a cell and help with movement |
| Flagella | long hair-like structures that extend from the surface of a cell and help with movement |
| Centrioles | made of two microtubules at right angles to each other and sit right outside the nucleus and used during cell division |
| Cell Wall | rigid layer that lies outside the plant cell’s plasma membrane |
| Secondary Cell Wall | strong but cannot expand, the cell inside dies and disintegrates |
| Central Vacuole | Large, fluid-filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, and wastes and gives structure to the cell |
| Plastids | organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA |
| Chloroplasts | plastid that contains sacs called thylakoids |
| Thylakoids | contain a green pigment called chlorophyll |
| Chlorophyll | captures light energy to fuel photosynthesis |
| Chromoplasts | plastid that contains colorful pigments that may or may not take part in photosynthesis |
Created by:
AngieE
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