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SLSBio12Biomole (KS)
SLS Bio12 Biomolecules (KS)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | They are chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). |
| Adenosine Triphospate (ATP) | An organic compound that is composed of adenosine (an adenine ring and a ribose sugar) and three phosphate groups, hence, the name. |
| Amino Acid | The building block of protein in which each is coded for by a codon and linked together through peptide bonds. |
| Base | The nonacid part of a salt, a substance that combines with acids to form salts, a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions, a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion), a substance capable of do |
| Buffer | An ionic compound that when added to a solution neutralizes both acids and bases without significantly changing the original acidity or alkalinity of a solution. |
| Carbohydrate | Any of the group of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Examples include sugar, starch, cellulose and gums. |
| Complementary Base | The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing, such as thymine being paired with adenine and cytosine paired with guanine. |
| Pairing | two nitrogenous bases (adenine and thymine or guanine and cytosine) held together by weak bonds. |
| Dehydration Synthesis | A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules. |
| Dipeptide | a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide |
| Disaccharide | A sugar (carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides, thus yields two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis. |
| Double Helix | A shape describing a structure that typically consists of two matching helices intertwined about a common axis, such as the structure of the DNA molecule, which is made of two linear strands held together in opposite direction through chemical bonds |
| Hemoglobin | Four subunit globular oxygen carrying protein of the erythrocytes of vertebrates and some invertebrates. |
| Hydrogen Bonding | |
| Hydrolysis | |
| Lipid | |
| Monomer | |
| Mononsaccharide | The simplest form of carbohydrate; therefore, it cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis |
| Neutral Fat | A glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acids; a triglyceride |
| Nucleic Acid | Any of the group of complex compounds consisting of linear chains of monomeric nucleotides whereby each monomeric unit is composed of phosphoric acid, sugar and nitrogenous base |
| Nucleotide | The basic building block of nucleic acids |
| Orangic | An organic compound; or any substance containing carbon-based compounds |
| Peptide Bond | The covalent bond joining amino acids |
| pH | A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, numerically equal to 7 for neutral solutions, increasing with increasing alkalinity and decreasing with increasing acidity |
| Phospholipid | A lipid with one or more phosphate groups attached to it |
| Polarity | The presence of or having distinct and opposite poles |
| Polymer | A compound made up of several repeating units (monomers) |
| Polypeptide | A polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds |
| Polysaccharide | Any of a class of carbohydrates formed by repeating units linked together by glycosidic bonds |
| Primary Structure | A structure of a biological molecule in which there is a precise sequence or order of monomeric units |
| Protein | A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds |
| Quaternary Structure | A structural level wherein several proteins (or polypeptide subunits) interact through non-covalent bonds to form one functional protein complex |
| R-Group | a side chain specific to each amino acid that confers particular chemical properties to that amino acid |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid that is generally single stranded |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | A form of fatty acid that lacks unsaturated linkages between carbon atoms |
| Secondary Structure | A structure of a biological molecule characterized by the local folding within the biopolymer as a result of hydrogen bonding |
| Solvent | A liquid in which substances (or solutes) are dissolved forming a solution. |
| Starch | A polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose monosaccharide units |
| Steroid | a lipid-base hormone which are related to the four-ring structure of cholesterol separated by their functional groups or side goups |
| Tertiary Structure | A structure of a biological molecule which is in its three dimensional shape |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | A form of fatty acid containing one or more double bonds and therefore can absorb additional hydrogen atoms |
| Nitrogenous Base | Nitrogen-bearing compound with chemical properties of a base |
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