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Lesson 12

Cell Composition

TermDefinition
Cell Membrane outer boundary of the cell. It allows the passage of materials into and out of the cell
Nucleus the control center of the cell. It contains the genetic material, RNA or DNA
Cytoplasm the liquid material found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It is where the cell organelles are located and where metabolic reactions occur
Endoplasmic Reticulum the transportation canals found inside of the cytoplasm. There are two types: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (lacking ribosomes)
Organelle a structure found within the cell’s cytoplasm that carries out specific functions. Mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, and lysosomes are all examples
Nuclear Membrane a boundary that surrounds the nucleus. There are small openings called nuclear pores that allow RNA to come in and out
Mitochondria organelle that breaks down food to produce energy in the form of ATP
Ribosomes found in cytoplasm and on rough ER, they convert amino acids into proteins
Proteins these organic molecules build and repair cells
Golgi Body an organelle that is responsible for the packaging and shipping of materials for the cell
Vacuole a structure that stores compounds until they are needed by the cell, it also stores wastes and by-products given-off by cellular functions
Lysosomes responsible for digesting dead or dying cellular material within the cell
Cell Wall used by plants to support the cell and the plant during growth
Chloroplasts structures only found within a plant cell, contains chlorophyll pigment responsible for photosynthesis
Photosynthesis process by which plants (autotrophs) capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy (food)
Centrioles structures found in animal and many other eukaryotic cells that organize the spindle fibers during cell division. They are NOT found in plant cells
Created by: ecotteacher
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