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Vocab ARCC Bio ch5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | The capacity to do work |
| Entropy | Measure of how much the energy is dispersed |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | Energy can't be created or destroyed |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of motion |
| Potential Energy | Stored Energy |
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | Energy tends to disperse spontaneously |
| active site | of an enzyme, pocket in which substrates bind and a reaction occurs. |
| catalysis | the acceleration of a reaction by a molecule that is unchanged by participating in the reaction |
| induced-fit model | the concept that substrate binding to an active site of an enzyme improves the fit between the two molecules |
| substrate | a molecule that is specifically acted upon by an enzyme |
| transition state | point during a reaction at which substrate bonds reach their breaking point and the reaction will run spontaneously |
| allosteric | Region of an enzyme (other than the active site) where molecules bind. |
| Electron transfer chain | A process where arrays of enzymes and other molecules give up and accept electrons in return. |
| feedback inhibition | Mechanism in which a change that results from some activity decreases or stops the activity |
| metabolic pathway | series of enzyme-medicated reactions by which cells build, remodel, or break down an organic molecule |
| redox reaction | oxidation- reduction reaction in which one molecule accepts electrons (it becomes reduced) from another molecule (which becomes oxidized) |
| Adhesion Protein | Membrane protein that helps cells stick together in animal tissues |
| Fluid Mosaic | Model of a cell membrane as a 2 dimensional fluid of mixed composition |
| Receptor protein | Plasma membrane protein that binds to a substance outside of the cell |
| Recognition protein | Plasma membrane protein that identifies a cell as belonging to it self (one's own body) |
| Transport Protein | Protein that passively or actively assists specific ions or molecules across a membrane |
| Active transport | A transport protein that uses energy to pump a solute against its gradient across a cell membrane |
| Calcium pump | Active transport protein; Pumps calcium |
| Passive transport | A concentration gradient drives the movement of a solute across a cell membrane through a transport protein. No energy used |
| concentration | number of molecules or ions per unit volume. |
| concentration gradient | difference in concentration between adjoining regions of fluid |
| diffusion | spontaneous spreading of molecules or ions in a liquid or gas |
| hypertonic | describes a fluid that has a HIGH overall solute concentration relative to another fluid |
| isotonic | describes two fluids with identical solute concentrations |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient |
| osmotic pressure | amount of turgor that prevents osmosis into cytoplasm or other hypertonic fluid |
| turgor | pressure that a fluid exerts against a wall, membrane, or other structure that contains it |
| hypotonic | describes a fluid that has a LOW overall solute concentration relative to another fluid |
| Endocytosis | process by which a cell takes in a small amount of extra cellular fluid by the ballooning inward of its plasma membrane |
| Exocytosis | process by which a cell expels a vesicle's contents to extra cellular fluid |
| Phagocytosis | "cell eating"; and andocytic pathway by which a cell engulfs particles such as microbes or cellular debris |
| Pinocytosis | Endocytosis of bulk minerals |
Created by:
annaleeblake
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