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SLSbio12Biomolecule

SLS Bio12 Biomolecules WW

TermDefinition
Acid Donates Hydrogen ions and has a pH between 0-6.9
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme."molecular unit of currency". ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
Amino Acid Monomers of the Protein. They are biologically important organic compounds made from amine and carboxylic acid functional group.
Base Accepts Hydrogen ions and has a pH between 7.1-14
Buffer A buffer is a solution containing either a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt, which is resistant to changes in pH.
Carbohydrates Quick and short term energy source. Polymers of sugars and they are formed by dehydration synthesis.
Complementary base pairing The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in their opposite pairing, such as thymine being paired with adenine and cytosine paired with guanine. It appears when DNA is formed
Dehydration Synthesis The process of taking hydrogens and oxygens out, and joining the two monomers to form a polymer
DNA Codes for the order of amino acids needed to make proteins. Has purine and pyrimidines in the strands
Disacchrides Is formed by two monosaccharides. Lactose, Maltose and Sucrose
Dipeptide Reaction between two amino acid peptide bonds
Double Helix structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.
Hemogolbin Quaternary structure- 2 or more polypeptides linked together
Hydrogen bonding electromagnetic attractive interaction between polar molecules in which hydrogen (H) is bound to a highly electronegative atom
Hydrolysis breaking down the bond by adding water
Lipid Made of glycerol and fatty acids. Long term energy store. Component
Monomer Amino acid,nucleotide,fatty acids & glycerol, glucose
Monosaccharides basic units of biologically important carbohydrates
Neutral fat are produced by the dehydration synthesis of one or more fatty acids with an alcohol like glycerol
Nucleic acid DNA & RNA, are made from nucleotide monomers
Nucleotide Monomer of a Nucleic acid
Peptide bond When a bond formed by two molecules with carboxyl and amino at each sides
pH A measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
Phosholipids Phosphate head is hydrophilic Lipid tails are hydrophobic, Major component of cell membranes
Polarity The shape and direction of the molecule was formed due to the electric charges
Polymer Protein, Nucleic acid, Carbohydrates, Lipids
Polypeptide Multiple-chain of bond have carboxyl and amino acid at each sides
Polysaccharides Multiple basic units of biologically important carbohydrates
Primary structure shape held together by bonds between r groups chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Protein Polymer from amino acids
Quaternary structure A bunch up 3D molecule
R-group side chain is a chemical group that is attached to a core part of the molecule called "main chain" or backbone
RNA functions in synthesis of protein
Saturated fatty acid no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain
Secondary structure coiling or folding of the primary structure to form a helix or a pleated sheet held together by hydrogen bonds
Solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute
Starch short term energy that are from plants
Steroids Cholesterol is an important steroid molecule. Component of cell membranes. Precursor to estrogen and testosterone
tertiary structure 3D
Unsaturated fatty acids Have double bonds between the individual carbon atom of the fatty acid chain
nitrogenous base nitrogen-containing organic molecule having the chemical properties of a base
Created by: wwong
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