Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
APES 9-28
To study for the APES quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Any form of life | Organism |
| Basic unit of life in an organism | Cell |
| Surrounded by a membrane, has a distinct nucleus and organelles | Eukaryotic cell |
| Surrounded by a membrane, but inside the cell There is no distinct nucleus or any internal parts enclosed by membranes | Prokaryotic cell |
| A group of organisms that resemble one Another in appearance, behavior, chemistry and genetic makeup | Species |
| Common in species such as bacteria with only One cell with divides into 2 cells, that are clones or replicas of the original cell | Asexual reproduction |
| Occurs in organisms that produce offspring by combining gametes from both parents | Sexual reproduction |
| Consists of a group of interacting individuals of the same species that occupy a specific area at the same time | Population |
| We do not all look the same or behave exactly | Genetic diversity |
| Complex interacting network of plants, animals and microorganisms | Community |
| A community of different species interacting with one another and with their non-living environment of matter and energy | Ecosystem |
| All of earth's ecosystems together | Biosphere |
| A thin envelope of air around the planet | Atmosphere |
| Inner layer that extends about 11 miles above sea level but contains most of the earths air | Trophosphere |
| 11-30 miles, lower portion that contains enough ozone to filter out most of the suns harmful ultraviolet radiation, thus allowing life to exist on land and in the surface layers of bodies of water | Stratosphere |
| Consists of Earth's liquid water, ice and water vapor | Hydrosphere |
| The earth's crust and upper mantle, the crust contains nonrenewable fossil fuels and minerals we use as well as potentially renewable soil chemicals needed for plant life | Lithosphere |
| The portion of earth in which living organisms exist and interact with one another an with their nonliving environment | Biosphere |
| Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reduce the flow of heat back into space. This helps warm the planet by acting somewhat like the glass in a greenhouse or the windows in a car, which allow a buildup of heat | Greenhouse gas effect |
| Large regions characterized by a distinct climate and specific life forms | Biomes |
| Long term patterns of weather | Climate |
| Aquatic equivalents of biomes | Aquatic life zones |
| A region containing a mixture of species from adjacent ecosystems and often species not found in either of the bordering ecosystems | Ecotone |
| Range of chemical and physical conditions that must be maintained for populations of a particular species to stay alive, grow , develop and function normally | Range of tolerance |
| There are minimum and maximum limits for physical conditions and concentrations of chemical substances, called tolerance limits, beyond which no members of a particular species can survive | Law of tolerance |
| Too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimum range of toleration | Limiting factor |
| Amount of oxygen gas dissolved in a given volume of water at a particular temperature and pressure | Dissolved oxygen content |
| Amounts of various inorganic minerals or salts dissolved in a given volume of water | Salinity |
| The complete set of chemical reactions that carries out this role in cells and organisms | Metabolism |
| They make their own food from compounds obtained from their enviornment | Producers |
| The process for using sunlight to make carbohydrates | Photosynthesis |
| The process of converting simple compounds from their environment into more complex nutrient compounds without sunlight | Chemosynthesis |
| Get their energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains | Consumers |
| Primary consumers who feed directly on producers | Herbivores |
| Feed on other consumers, with those feeding only on primary consumers called secondary consumers and those feeding on other carnivores called tertiary consumers | Carnivores |
| Feed on detritus or parts of dead organisms and cast off fragments and waste of living organisms | Detritivores |
| Extract nutrients from partly decomposed organic matter in leaf litter, plant debris and animal dung | Detritus feeders |
| Recycle organic matter in ecosystems by breaking down dead organic material to get nutrients and release the resulting simpler inorganic compounds into the soil and water, where they can be taken up as nutrients by producers | Decomposers |
| Using oxygen to convert organic nutrients back into carbon dioxide and water | Aerobic respiration |
| Breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| The different life forms and life sustaining processes that can best survive the variety of conditions currently found on earth | Biodiversity |
| Variety among the species or distinct types of living organisms found in different habitats of the planet | Species diversity |
| Variety of forests, deserts grasslands, streams, lakes, oceans, wetlands and other biological communities | Ecological diversity |
| Biological and chemical processes or functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for survival of species and biological communities | Functional diversity |
| The sequence of organisms, each of which is a source of food for the next | Food chain |
| A feeding level | Trophic level |
| Complex network of interconnected food chains | Food web |
| The dry weight of all organic matter contained in its organisms | Biomass |
| The percentage of usable energy transferred as biomass from one trophic level to the next | Ecological efficiency |
| Energy loss for a simple food chain assuming a 90% loss with each transfer | Pyramid of energy flow |
| Represents the storage of biomass at various trophic levels in an ecosystem | Pyramid of biomass |
| An estimate of the number of organisms at each trophic level | Pyramid of numbers |
| The rate at which an ecosystem's producers convert solar energy into chemical energy as biomass | Gross primary productivity |
| Rate at which producers store chemical energy as biomass | Net primary production |
| An atom, ion or molecule an organism needs to live, grow or reproduce | Nutrient |
| Life-earth chemical cycles that are driven directly or indirectly by incoming solar energy and gravity, include the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and hydrologic cycles | Biogeochemical cycles |
| Water cycle which collects, purifies and distributes the earths fixed supply of water | Hydrologic cycle |
| The amount of water vapor found in a certain mass of air and is usually expressed as grams of water per kilogram of air | Absolute humidity |
| Amount of water vapor in a certain mass of air, expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount it can hold at that temperature | Relative humidity |
| Tiny particles on which droplets of water vapor can collect | Condensation nuclei |
| The temperature at which condensation occurs | Dew point |
| A global gaseous cycle which is based on carbon dioxide and makes up .036 percent of the volume of the trophosphere and is dissolved in water | Carbon cycle |
| Global gaseous cycle, thats the most complex of the earths biogeochemical cycles | Nitrogen cycle |
| Sedimentary cycle , phosphorus moves slowly from phosphate deposits on land and in shallow ocean sediments to living organisms , and then move slowly back to the land and ocean | Phosphorus cycle |
| Gaseous cycle , much of earths sulfur is stored underground in rocks and minerals, including sulfate salts buried deep under ocean sediments | Sulfur cycle |
| We depend upon nature for food, air, water and almost everything else we use | Ecosystem services |
| Competition between members of the same species for the same resources | Intraspecific competition |
| Competition between members of two or more different species for food, space or any other limited resource | Interspecific competition |
| One species may limit another's access to some resources, regardless of its abundance | Interference competition |
| Competing species have roughly equal access to a specific resource but different in how fast or efficiently they exploit it | Exploitation competition |
| The dividing up of scarce resources so that species with similar needs use them at different times in different ways or in different places | Resource partitioning |
| Two species involved in a way that they both benefit | Mutualism |
| Occurs when one parasitic species feeds on the host organism by living on or in the host | Parasitism |
| A symbiotic interaction where one species benefits but the other is neither harmed nor helped | Commensalism |
| The gradual change in species composition of a given area | Ecological succession |
| Involves gradual establishment of biotic communities on nearly lifeless ground | Primary succession |
| The more common type succession, involves the reestablishment of biotic communities in an area where a biotic community is already present | Secondary succession |
| Grow close to the ground, can establish large populations quickly under harsh conditions and have short lives | Early successional plant species |
| Has less hardy herbs, grasses and low shrubs usually replaced by trees that need lots of sunlight and are adapted to the areas climate and soil | Midsuccessional plant species |
| Mostly trees that can tolerate shade | Late successional plant species |
| Both organisms benefit but they can live independently from one another | Facultative mutualism |
| Both organisms benefit but they cannot live without the other one | Obligate mutualism |
| One organism benefits from living inside another organism and the host is harmed | Endoparasitism |
| One organism benefits from living outside another organism | Ectoparasitism |
| The animal highest on the food chain will accumulate the most toxin | Biomagnification |
| Toxins are not excreted over time and build up in the fatty tissues of an organism | Bioaccumulation |
| 2 types of food chains | Grazing and detrited |
| Photosynthesis equation | 6h20+6co2= c6h12o6+ 6o2 |
Created by:
Khalil8414
Popular Earth Science sets