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SLS Bio12 Biomolecul
SLS Bio12 Biomolecules (JW)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Molecules tending to raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and to lower its pH numerically |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | A nucleotide, CHPON, present in, and vital to the energy processes of, all living cells |
| Amino Acid | Monomer of a protein; takes its name from the fact that it contains an amino group (-NH2) and an acid group (-COOH) |
| Base | Molecules tending to lower the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and raise the pH numerically |
| Buffer | Substance or group of substances that tend to resist Ph changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity. |
| Carbohydrate | Class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of CH2O groups; includes monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides |
| Complementary Base Pairing | Hydrogen bonding between particular bases; in DNA, thymine (T) pairs with adenine (A), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C); in RNA, uracil (U) pairs with A, and G pairs with C |
| Dehydration Synthesis | A dehydration synthesis reaction is the building of something while getting rid of water; whereby, an hydrogen from a carbohydrate, and an hydroxyl (OH) compound from another compound are taken to form water |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function |
| Dipeptide | A peptide composed of two amino-acid residues, joined by a peptide bond |
| Disaccharide | Sugar that contains units of a monosaccharide; e.g., maltose |
| Double Helix | Double spiral; describes the three-dimensional shape of DNA |
| Hemoglobin | Iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that combines with and transports oxygen |
| Hydrogen Bonding | Weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another molecule or between parts of the same molecule |
| Hydrolysis | Splitting of a compound by the addition of water, with the H+ being incorporated in one fragment and the OH- in the othe |
| Lipid | Organic compound that is insoluble in water; notably fats, oils, and steroids |
| Monomer | Small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer, e.g., glucose is a monomer of starch |
| Monosaccharide | Simple sugar; a carbohydrate that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis |
| Neutral Fat | eutral fats are neutral because they are uncharged and do not contain acidic or basic groups. They are nonpolar and hydrophobic. They are often found in the thigh and torso area of the body where it provides insulation to keep warm and body fuel reserves |
| Nucleic Acids | Nucleic acids are biological polymers made from nucleotide monomers. |
| Nucleoide | Monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogen-containing base and a phosphate group |
| Organic | Molecule that always contains carbon and hydrogen and often oxygen; organic molecules are associated with living things |
| Peptide Bond | Covalent Bond that joins two amino acids |
| pH | pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
| Phospholipid | Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cell's membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic head bonded to two nonpolar, hydrophobic |
| Polarity | Refers to a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole or multipole moment |
| Polymer | Macromolecule consisting of covalently bonded monomers; for example, a polypeptide is a polymer of monomers called amino acids |
| Polypeptide | Polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| Polysaccharide | Polymer made from sugar monomers; the polysaccharides starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose monomers |
| Primary Structure | The characteristic sequence of amino acids forming a protein or polypeptide chain, considered as the most basic element of its structure |
| Protein | Organic molecules that is composed of either one or several polypeptides |
| Quaternary Structure | A structural level wherein several proteins (or polypeptide subunits) interact through non-covalent bonds to form one functional protein complex |
| R-Group | Abbreviation given to an unimportant part of a molecule. Indicates rest of molecule |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | Abbreviation for ribonucleic acid: a nucleic acid that is generally single stranded (double stranded in some viruses) and plays a role in transferring information from DNA to protein-forming system of the cell |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid whose carbon chain cannot absorb any more hydrogen atoms; found chiefly in animal fats |
| Secondary Structure | A structure of a biological molecule characterized by the local folding within the biopolymer as a result of hydrogen bonding (within the biopolymer) |
| Solvent | The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
| Starch | A polysaccharide carbohydrate (C6H10O5)n consisting of a large number of glucose monosaccharide units joined together by glycosidic bonds found especially in seeds, bulbs, and tuber |
| Steroid | A lipid-base hormone which are related to the four-ring structure of cholesterol separated by their functional groups or side goups |
| Tertiary Structure | A structure of a biological molecule (such as proteins and nucleic acids) which is in its three dimensional shape, as defined by the atomic coordinates |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid whose carbon chain can absorb additional hydrogen atoms |
| Nitrogenous Base | Nitrogen-bearing compound with chemical properties of a base |
Created by:
jwaslen
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