Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Pathology

Dz of Blood vessels

QuestionAnswer
How is systemic hypertension (HTN) or aka. High blood pressure defined as? Systolic above 140, OR Diastolic above 90
Is hypertension multifactorial inheritance? Yes! BP is a complex trait determined by interaction of multiple genetic & environmental factors
BP is product of what? cardiac output & peripheral resistance
what determines cardiac output & peripheral resistance? cardiac output - stroke volume & heart rate peripheral resistance - arterioles thru opposing vasoconstrictor & vasodilator
Kidney plays an impt. role in BP, mainly thru what? renin-angiotensin axis
what is the epidemiology of HTN? Very common, 25% of general population. 50% die w/ ischemic heart dz or congestive heart failure. 33 % die w/ stroke. 5 % w/ malignant hypertension(rapidly rising BP), die of renal failure.
HTN is an impt. risk factor for what dzs? 1. ischemic heart dz 2. cerebrovascular accident (stroke) 3. congestive heart failure 4. renal failure
Etiologic types of HTN: describe them. 1. Essential HTN (90-95%) = considered idiopathic & primary 2. Secondary HTN (5-10%) = happens secondary to other dz, esp to renal dz/narrowing of renal artery.
Describe: Benign HTN vs. Malignant HTN Benign HTN = fairly stable over yrs - decades, lives long life. Malignant HTN (accelerated HTN) = BP rises rapidly, death w/in 1-2 yrs, diastolic >120, renal failure, retinal hemorrhages.
what are some mechanisms for Essential HTN? (they are no single mechanism that are responsible) 1. Reduced renal sodium excretion 2. Increased Vascular resistance 3. Genetic factors 4. Environmental influences
Define: 1. Hyaline arteriolosclerosis 2. Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
What is Arteriosclerosis? general term of 3 types of vascular dz which cause thickening & inelasticity of arteries.
what are types of arteriosclerosis? 1. arteriolosclorosis 2. Monkeberg medial calcific sclerosis 3. atherosclerosis
what is Arteriolosclerosis? Dz. of small arteries & arterioles. occurs often w/ hypertension & diabetes mellitus.
what is Monkeberg medial calcific sclerosis? calcifications in media of medium sized muscular arteries. typically age >50yrs. vessels may be hard to palpate & interesting radiograph. trivial dz & not ass. w/ clinical dz.
what is atherosclerosis? Formation of atheromas(fibrofatty plaques at intima)
Athromas produce...? 1. vascular narrowing - b/c protrude into lumen 2. degenerative changes - b/c weakens the vessel wall
Most serious consequences of artherosclerosis is seen at...? 1. coronary artereis 2. cerebral vessels 3. aorta
what's the epidemiology of atherosclerosis? 1. Major complication is death/ disability from heart attacks & stroke 2. cause 1/3 of death in US
what are the constitutional risk factors for atherosclerosis? 1. Genetics (mostly related to polygenic traits for hypertension & diabetes) 2. Age 3. Gender
what are the modifiable major risk factors for atherosclerosis? (list in rank) 1. hyperlipidemia/Hypercholesterolemia 2. Hypertension 3. cigarette smoking 4. Diabetes mellitus
Describe the pathogenesis of ATH. 7 steps- look notes
sites of predilection for ATH. 1. lower abdominal aorta 2. coronary arteries 3. popliteal arteries. 4. internal carotid arteries 5. circle of Willis
Created by: dsung
Popular Science sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards