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BJU Bio Chpt 4

QuestionAnswer
In Photosynthesis what breaks in ATP for energy? high energy bond
What types of organisms make their own food? autotrophs
What types of organism get their food from somewhere else? heterotrophs
Can ATP be stored?· no
What makes up ATP? 5 carbon sugar, 3 phosphates
What is formula for photosynthesis? 12H20 + 6CO2 + LIGHT ENERGY →(CHLOROPHYLL)→ C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
What are the names of the 2 parts of photosynthesis? light dependent and light independent
What are the 4 things needed to start the Light Dep RX? light energy, chlorophyll, H2O, CO2
What are the 3 things produced in the Light Dep RX? ATP, NADPH, O2
Where does the Light Dep Rx take place? thylakoid membrane
What are stacks of thylakoid are called? granam
In the Light Dep. RX-what breaks apart to donate protons? water molecules
What is the Photo system in Light Dep RX called? photosystem 2
The electrons from the ETC in Light Dep RX are used to change what to what? ATP
What does the Calvin Cycle require to start? PGA
What is the name of the first molecule made in the Calvin cycle? NADH
What is produced in the Calvin cycle? Sugar PGAL
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place? chloroplast
In the Calvin Cycle what combines with CO2 to produce PGA. (1st step) RuBP
In the Calvin Cycle RuBP combines with what to produce PGA. (1st step) CO2
In the Calvin Cycle RuBP combines with CO2 to produce what. (1st step) PGA
In the Calvin Cycle, when ATP changes to ADP what changes to NADP NADPH
In the Calvin Cycle, when ATP changes to ADP NADPH changes to what NADP
Most plants use what pathway C3
A plant that use the CAM pathway will only open its stomata when? at night
A plant that use the CAM pathway will only do what to its stomata at night open it
An example of a CAM plant is cacti
C4 plants close their stomata when? during the hottest part of the day
An example of the C4 plant is corn
What are the 3 steps in Cellular Respiration glycosis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
Where does Glycolysis take place? cytoplasm
How many ATP are produced in glycolysis 2
How many ATP does glycolysis take to start? 2
What is the product of Glycolysis? 2
Does glycolysis require 02? no
If a RX requires 02 what is it called aerobic respiration
If a RX does not require 02 it is called anaerobic respiration
What is the 2nd step of cellular respiration? citric acid cycle
What is a product of Citric Acid Cycle? acetyl CO2, 2ATP
Is the CAC aerobic or anaerobic? Aerobic
What are the 2 electron carriers made in CAC? NADH and FADH
How many ATP are produced in CAC? 2
Where does CAC take place? Mitochondria
What is the name of the 3rd step of cellular respiration? Electron transport chain
How many ATP are produced in ETC? 32
How many ATP are produced in cellular respiration? 36
Enzymes are used in cellular respiration to lower what? Activation energy
Where does ETC take place? Mitochondria
What is a product of ETC? 34 ATP and 2 H2O
What are 2 anaerobic processes? Alcoholic fermentation and Lactic acid fermentation
What type of organism uses Alcohol fermentation? bacteria and yeast
What 2 products are produced in Alcohol fermentation? Ethyl Alchol and CO2
Where does lactic Acid fermentation take place? Yogurt and muscles
What happens to the lactic acid that in produced? it is removed from muscles
What is the formula for Cellular Respiration? C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP (energy)
What are the bases for DNA? (Full names) adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? ~ sugar, phosphate, base
What is the sugar in DNA? deoxyribose
What are the base pairs in DNA? adenine & thymine, guanine & cytosine
In DNA replication how many new strands of DNA are there? One
What is the process of copying the DNA to make a protein called? replication
What is the process of copying mRNA to make a protein? transcription
Where does transcription occur? nucleus
Where does translation occur? mitochondria
What makes the ribosome? RNA
What are the bases in RNA adenine, oracil, guanine, cytosine
What is the sugar in RNA? ribose
A group of 3 bases on the mRNA is called a? codon
What is the copy of DNA called that leaves the nucleus and goes to the Ribosome RNA
What is the codon that starts translation? AUG
What brings the nucleotides to the ribosome? tRNA
What is attached to the tRNA? amino acids
What joins the amino acids together? peptide bonds
About how many amino acids make up a typical protein? 100-1000
What are 2 ways RNA is different from DNA uracil & ribose
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from bacteria to human
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) produces molecule
photosynthesis plant's eating process
chloroplyll green pigment
accessory pigment other chloropylls
light dependent phase light reactions
light independent phase dark phase
photolysis hydrogen ions in a process
chemosynthesis break apart in a process
C3 pathway 3-carbon compound
CAM pathway CO2 is released
C4 pathway 4-carbon compound
cellular respiration breaking down of food substances
aerobic requires oxygen
anaerobic doesn't requires oxygen
glycolysis takes pace in the cytoplasm
pyruvic acid involves breakdown of glycolysis
Citric acid cycle CAC
acetyl CoA CO2, hydrogen ions
hydrogen and electron transport system ATP energy
Cellular fermintation the breakdown of food without oxygen
alcoholic fermintation pyruvic acid molecule is changed
lactic acid fermintation has only one step
metabolism sum of all its life processes
codon triplets of bases
messenger RNA transcript of the DNA molecule
transfer RNA amino acids are attached
anticodon complementary 3 bases
ribosomal RNA third type
exon sections of mRNA
intron sections of transcripted
translation coded in the mRNA
anabolism processes that build molecules and store and release energy
catabolism processes that break molecules down and release energy
intracellular digestion broken down by enzymes
extracellular digestion digest food substance
autophagy remodeling
Created by: radkwo
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