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Weather
Sci-110 Notecards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| barometer | instrument that measures atmospheric pressure |
| standard atmospheric pressure | average measurement of atmospheric pressure, also called normal pressure, and one atmosphere of pressure |
| greenhouse effect | the process of heating the atmosphere in the lower parts by the absorption of solar radiation and re-emission of infrared radiation. |
| inversion | layer where the temperature increases in height |
| wind | horizontal movement of air |
| jet stream | powerful belt of wind near the top of the troposhere |
| saturated air | equilibrium condition between evaporation and condensation |
| humidity | the amount of water vapor in the air |
| absolute humidity | measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air at a particular time |
| relative humidity | the relationship between the actual absolute humidity and the maximum humidity at a certain temperature |
| dew point temperature | the temperature at which condensation begins |
| dew | if above 32 degrees F the water vapor that is liquidized |
| frost | if temperature is below 0 degrees C the water vapor is a solid |
| condensation nuclei | tiny particles in the air that are from condensation of water vapor |
| precipitation | water that returns to the surface of Earth, in either the liquid or solid form |
| ice-forming nuclei | the liquid droplets between -40 degrees C and 0 degrees C solid particles |
| air mass | large more or less uniform body of air with nearly the same temperature and moisture conditions |
| front | the boundary between air masses of different temperatures |
| cold front | when cold air mass moves into warmer air displacing it |
| warm front | warm air mass advances over a mass of cooler air |
| stationary front | stream of cold air moves along the north side of the front, and a stream of warm air moves along the south side in an opposite direction |
| occluded front | lifted completely off the ground into the atmosphere |
| storm | other fronts accompanied by a rapid and violent weather change |
| thunderstorm | brief but intense storm, with rain, lightning and thunder, and gusty and often strong winds, and sometimes hail |
| hail | a frozen form of precipitation that can be very destructive |
| tornado | smallest, most violent weather disturbance, long narrow funnel or ropelike structure that drops from a thunder cloud and may or may not touch the ground |
| hurricane | very intense low pressure area with winds greater than 75 mi/h or less, over the atlantic or pacific ocean east of the international dateline |
| typhoon | very intense low-pressure area of wind greater than 75 mi/h that occurs over the north pacific ocean west of the international dateline |
| climate | general pattern of the weather that occurs for a region over a number of years |
| climate change | departure from the expected average pattern of climate for a region over time |
| proxy data | a natural source used to infer temperature change, rainfall, or some other past climate condition |
| wind chill factor | time depended on the air temperature and the wind speed calculation |
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