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SocPsy - Week 5
Social Psychology with Professor Scott Plous
Term | Definition |
---|---|
altruism | A motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for one’s self-interests. |
social-exchange theory | The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs. |
reciprocity norm | An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. |
social-responsibility norm | An expectation that people will help those needing help. |
bystander effect | The finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders. |
aggression | Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone. |
instrumental aggression | Aggression that is a means to some other end. |
frustration | The blocking of goal-directed behavior. |
displacement | The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration. Generally, the new target is a safer or more socially acceptable target. |
social learning theory | The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished. |
crowding | A subjective feeling that there is not enough space per person. |
catharsis | Emotional release. This view of aggression is that aggressive drive is reduced when one “releases” aggressive energy, either by acting aggressively or by fantasizing aggression. |
conflict | A perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. |
social trap | A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing its self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. Examples include the Prisoner’s Dilemma and the Tragedy of the Commons. |
non-zero-sum games | Games in which outcomes need not sum to zero. With cooperation, both can win; with competition, both can lose. (Also called mixed-motive situations.) |
mirror-image perceptions | Reciprocal views of each other often held by parties in conflict; for example, each may view itself as moral and peace-loving and the other as evil and aggressive. |