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Chapter 1-3
Sociology
| People | What they did |
|---|---|
| Marx | Known for capitalism Economics provides the basis for society wrote communist manifesto exploited are dominated by the owners of the means of that production bourgeoisie- factory owners, bosses proletariat- workers exploitation alienation |
| Weber | Wrote partly in opposition to Marx Developed important theories of bureaucracy and authority verstehn- comprehension and understanding |
| Durkheim | argued that many social problems are FUNCTIONAL we are all connected, unified argued that anomie would result from modernization |
| Comte | believed a theoretical science of society and systematic investigation of behavior improve society cointed "sociology" father of sociology |
| Martineau | spoke out for womans rights, emacipation of slaves, religious tolerance translated comtes work believed in the science of sociology conducted research |
| Bourdieu | wrote distinction worked for equal rights of immigrants and blacks fought for child labor laws encouraged research on social justice |
| Du Bois | the father of african american sociology co founded NAACP wrote the souls of black folk |
| sociology | the scientific study of behavior and human groups, focusing on social relationships and how those relationships influence behavior and how societies develop and change |
| Social Science | study of features of humans and their interactions: soc, history, psych, anthro |
| Natural Science | awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both today and in the past |
| Theory | set of statements that seek to explain problems, actions or behaviors, they may have both explanatory and predictive power, they can be changed revised and they are tested |
| Conflict Perspective | social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power and resources |
| Functionalist Perspective | the way in which parts of society are structured to maintain stability |
| Interactionist Perspective | generalize about everyday forms of social interaction to explain society as a whole |
| Macro Approach | concentrates on large scale phenomena or entire civilizations |
| Micro Approach | small study often through experimental means |
| hypothesis | speculative statement about the relationship between two or more factors/variables statements about the relationship we should expect |
| qualitative | relies on what is seen in field and naturalistic setting -observation -ethnography -case studies |
| quantitative | collects and reports data in numerical form -experiments -surveys -secondary date |
| literature review | aim to bring the reader up to speed |
| objectivity | being engaged in what needs to be achieved |
| subjectivity | based on your own beliefs and achievements |
| variables | measurable trait or characteristic |
| random sample | when every member of the sample has an equal change of being selected (lottery system)(assign everyone a random number then pick) |
| research design | a detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically |
| independent variable | the variable hypothesized to cause or influence another variable |
| dependent variable | its action depends on the influence of the independent variable |
| conducting ethical research | -privacy -integrity -do no harm -confidentiality -disclose all sources of funding |
| stanford prison experiment/ milgram experiment | higher authority causing people to perform actions they normaly would never perform or even think about doing something to someone else, but because they were told to be someone of higher power to them they went along and made unethical choices to harm |
| material | physical or technological aspects of our daily lives: food, houses, factories, raw material |
| non material | ways of using material objects as well as to customs beliefs philosophies governments and patterns of communication |
| ethnocentrism | tendency to assume that ones culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to others can strain relations between different cultures is there a definition of normal? |
| cultural universals | society developed certain common practices and beliefs essential for human needs to change over time |
| GIve examples of cultural universals | marriage, government, shelter, food, belief system, clothing, holidays, calendar, money, music, art, education |
Created by:
Alisicia
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