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Bio 113 Cells

QuestionAnswer
Surface area and volume of a sphere SA - 4pir^2 V - 4/3pir^3 SA/V
Surface area and volume of a cube V- S^3 SA - 6s^2
Nucleus all eukaryotic cells have one membrane bond organelle, has ribosomes on the outer membrane. Inner space is called nucleoplasm
nuclear envelope Phosphoral lipid bilayer. contains (nuclear pores) openings. outermembrane, then intermembrane, and innermem.
Ribosomes organelles but not membrane bond, synthesizes proteins. Found on the nucleus, Rough ER, in cytoplasm (singly or polyribsome chain)
nucleolus inside the nucleus, organelle but not mem bond. Synthesis rRNA
how the the ER and nucleus connect Smooth ER connects to Rough ER, rough to nucleus
What form is DNA in when it is in the nucleus Chromatin
What do all cells have but only Eucakotis only have All cells: DNA Eucakotis- chromatin
What are the two types of Chromatin Euchromatin- available for transcription Heterochromatin- not ava. for transcription
DNA -> mRNA -> Protein DNA in form of chromatin in the nucleus step when transcription primary mRNA then leaves the nucleus as mature mRNA 2) translation Protein
how mRNA is made Ribosomes synthesize proteins- the protein goes into the nucleus. the Nucleous makes rRNA. rRNA and the protein bond and make mRNA then a mature mRNA leaves the nucleus
Mitochondrion present in ALL eucarytoic cells membrane bond site of cellular resp. finger like projects are called crista
RXN formual for Cellular Resp. C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36/38 ATP glucose ox and o2 red
How much energy is in 1 glucose and ATP glucose 686 kcal ATP- 7kcal
How is urea made CO2 + NH3 -> H2n-C-NH2 || O
Deamination RXN removal of a ammino group from an ammino acid
First law of Thermo Conservation of energy
Second Law of Thermo entropy-disorder. random is better order req energy
Types of human cells obligate strick aerobes ex. neurons || anaerobes ex. erythrocytes (red blood cells) Facultative anaerobes- ok with both O2 and not O2 ex. skeletal muscle cells (O2 not present fermatation occurs)
Stages of cellular Resp. 1.Glycolysis - in the cytoplasm 2.transition phase 3.Kerbs crystal 4.Election transport system 2-4 in the mitochondria
Hexokinase Glucose to glucose 6 phosphate ATP TO ADP
Phosphoglucoisomerase Glucose 6 phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate
Phosphofructokinase Fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1 6 bisphosphate atp to adp
Aldoase Fructose 1 6 bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
Isomerase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
Triose phosphate dehydrogense Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1 3 bisphosphoglycerate 2nad+ to 2nadh and H+ 2 inorganic phosphate
Phosphoglycerokinase 1 3 bisphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate 2adp to 2atp
Phosphoglyceromutase 3 phosphoglycerate to 2 phosphoglycerate
Enolase 2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenol pyruvate PEP 2 h2o leaves
Pyruvate kinase Phosphoenol pyruvate to pyruvate 2adp to 2atp
Transition phase Pyruvate to acetyl CoA Co2 leaves coenzyme A attaches nad+ to nadh and H+
Phase 1 of glycolysis Glucose phosphorylation glucose to fruct 1 6 bis
Phase 2 of glycolysis Sugar cleavage fructose 1 6 bis to gly 3 phos
Phase 3 glycolysis Sugar oxidation 2x gly 3 phos pgal to 1 3 bisphosphorglycerate
Phase 4 glycolysis Substrate level phosphorylation 2x 1 3 bisphosphoglycerate to pyruvate
Phase of the transition stage Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate phase
Kerb cycle names Hans krebs citric acid tricarboxylic acid
Citric acid structral formula COOH CH2 OH C COOH CH2 COOH
Phase 1 kerbs Oxidative decarboxylation Isocitrate to alpha ketogluterate to succinyl CoA nad+ to nadh and h+ nad+ to nadh and h co2 leaves
Phase 2 kerbs Sub
Created by: lilram
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