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Microbiology
Chapter 3 Micro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Bacteria and Archaea lack that Eukarya has? | *Nucleus, internal organelles. |
| Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea | Single celled, nuleoid, prokaryotes, rigid cell wall, flagellum, cell wall for shape |
| Characteristics of Eucarya | Larger than prokaryotes, membrane bound nucleous, internal organelles,cilia for motility, cytoskeleton to hold organelles in place |
| Examples of Eucarya | Algae, fungi, protozoa, animals, and plants |
| internal organelles of Eucarya | Nucleuos, cytoplasmic membrane, cillium, ribosomes, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, rough and smooth ER, cytoskeleto |
| Locations of Archaea | most live in extreme environments, high pH, high temp, some in body |
| glycocalyx | some Bacteria and Archaea have it to help adhere to surfaces. *Composed of carbohydrates and polysaccharide (ex: E.coli) |
| flagellum | made of protein and help Bacteria and Archaea with motility responding to stimuli (taxis) |
| chemotaxis | uses flagilla to move cell toward favorite chemical stimuli or away from a repellent |
| Fimbriae | *in bacteria *Rod-like protein appendages that extend from cell. *shorter that flagella *Fimbriae adhere to other cells, host and substance in environment |
| Pilli | *in some bacteria *Rod-like protein appendages that extend from cell. *longer than fimbriae but shorther than flagella |
| Cell wall | *determines shape and structure support *made of peptoglycan (PG) *unique chemical structure distinguishes between gram+ and gram- bacteria |
| Bacillus subtilis | *Bacteria *in soil, produces spores *thick cell wall *gram + |
| Peptidoglycan | *in bacteria only (forms cell wall) *alternate 2 sub-units:NAG and NAM |
| (NAG) and (NAM) | Form glycan chain that are held together by string of 4 of amino acids called tetrapeptide chain |
| Gram(+) Cell Wall | Peptiglycan thick layer *Surface has (-) charge due to teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid *purple when dyed |
| Gram(-) Cell Wall | thin Peptiglycan layer *outer membrane made of phospholipds, proteins, lipopolysaccharide(LPS)<- helps adhere to surface, is toxic and deadly |
| Many antimicrobials interfere with the synthesis of PG.. What are some examples? | PENICILLIN- Bind to bacterial proteins used for PG synth.; prevent cross linking of glycan chains by tetrapeptides LYSOZYME- Breaks bond linking NAG and NAM; in tears and saliva |
| Cytoplasmic Membrane | *selectively permeable *molecules pass through via simple diffusion requires carrier protein and energy **made of phospholipid bilayer(hydrophobic fatty tail and hydrophillic head) ***site of energy production |
| How is energy produced in the Cytoplasmic Membrane? | Electron transport chain and in proton motive force |
| Cytosol(Cell Cytoplasm) | 70-80% water *Contains sugars, amino acids, salts, ribosome **Granules(inclusion bodies for energy-rich substances e.g glycogen) |
| What internal structures are essential for life | Chromosomes and Ribosomes *Also, Plasmid, Storage granules, and endospores ( found in Baceria ) |
| Bacterial Endospore | *Produced through sporulation *Resistant to heat, desiccation, chemicals and UV light **Spores made from carbs and proteins ***E.g Bacillus anthracis(causes anthrax) |
| Ribosome | *Composed of RNA and Protein * Protein synthases |
| Cytoplasm | Within are macromolecules *viscous fluid |
| Inclusions | storage granules for long time energy |
| Cilium | motility *made w/protein *increase surface area for nutrient absorbance |
| lysosome | break down dying organelle, food particle |
| Golgi body | packages proteins before they are sent to their destination |
| Rough ER | protein production *studded with ribosomes |
| transport vesicle | transport proteins from the Rough ER to the Golgi apparatus |
| Secretory vesicle | Transports proteins out of the Golgi apparatus to a specific site |
| Centriole | Cell division, DNA replicaion |
| nucleolus | site of RNA synthesis, RNA is then moved through the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm of cell |
| Whats a capsule&slime layer made of? | polysaccharide referred to as glycocalyx |
| Conjugation pili | *controls the transfer of DNA from one cell to other *horizontal gene transfer |
| What are commons bacterial genera that produce endospores? | Clostridium & Bacillus |
| Clostridium | In soil, can't live in O2 |
| Bacillus | In soil, lives in O2 |
Created by:
izis
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