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Chapter 2
terms for chapter 2 biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | the basic unit of matter |
| nucleus | the center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| electron | negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus |
| element | pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| isotope | one of several forms of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions. |
| ionic bond | chemical bond that is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. |
| covalent bond | type of bond between atoms when electrons are shared/ |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of the compound. |
| van der Waals forces | slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions near molecules. |
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom. |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance. |
| adhesion | force of attraction between different kind of molecules. |
| mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined. |
| solution | type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed. |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in solution |
| solvent | dissolving substance in a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved material |
| pH scale | a scale with values from 0-14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0-7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral and a pH of 7-14 is basic |
| acid | a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7 |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7 |
| buffer | a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH. |
| monomer | small chemical unit that makes up a polymer |
| polymer | molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules |
| carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is a major source of energy for the body. |
| monosaccharide | simple sugar molecule |
| lipid | macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils and waxes. |
| nucleic acid | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. |
| nucleotide | subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair. |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| chemical reaction | process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactant | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| product | elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. |
| activation energy | energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
Created by:
morgana17
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