Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO 152 Test 1 Part
Chapter 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859 | Charles Darwin |
| What are the two points made in The Origin of Species | Today's organisms are descended from ancestral species (DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION) and NATURAL SELECTION provided a mechanism for evolutionary change in populations |
| The dominant philosophy in the 1700's | Natural theology |
| A hierarchal classification system developed by Carolus Linnaeus | Taxonomy |
| Influenced Darwin's views | Fossils |
| Organisms mineralized in sedimentary rocks | Fossils |
| He helped develop paleontology and believed in catastrophism | Georges Cuvier |
| James Hutton proposed this theory that earth must be older than 6000 years | Gradualism |
| Charles Lyell proposed this theory that given enough time, big changes result from subtle processes | Uniformitarianism |
| Published a theory of evolution in 1809 | Jean Baptiste Lamarck |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck's mechanism of evolution included the concepts of | use and disuse of parts and of inheritance of acquired characteristics |
| The process where humans modify other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits | Artificial selection |
| Darwin's first three observations of nature | 1. Members of a population often vary greatly in their traits 2. Traits are inherited from parents to offspring 3. All species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support |
| Darwin's fourth observation of nature | 4. Owing to lack of food or other resources, many of these offspring do not survive |
| Darwin's first inference based on his observations | 1. Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals |
| Darwin's second inference based on his observations | 2. This unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulations of favorable traits in the population over generations |
| _____do not evolve, _____ evolve over time | individuals, populations |
| The effect of differential predation on guppy populations and the evolution of drug resistant HIV are examples of _______ | natural selection |
| What happened with Endler's guppy experiment | When he transferred bright guppies to a pool with many predators over time the pop. became less bright. When he transferred drab guppies to a pool with few predators over time the pop. became more bright. |
| 4.6 billion years ago | the solar system/earth formed |
| 3.9 billion years ago | the oldest rocks we have on the planet formed because this is when the earth was cool enough to form rocks |
| 3.5 billion years ago | first life (prokaryotes=cyanobacteria, found in structures called stromatolites, cyanobacteria is sometimes called blue-green algae but they aren't algae because algae are eukaryotes) |
| 2.2-2.7 billion years ago | oxygen revolution changed the earth |
| 2.1 billion years ago | first eukaryotes (single-celled protists) |
| 1.2 billion years ago | 1st multicellular eukaryotes (algae) |
| 600-750 million years ago | snowball earth |
| 544 million years ago | 1st multicellular animals- metazoans (sponges, jellyfish, worms) |
| What forms ozone | oxygen (O2+O2=O3) |
| Evidence for evolution | 1. Direct observation 2. Fossil record 3. Homologies 4. Convergent evolution 4. Biogeography |
| Similarity resulting from common ancestry | Homology. The more homologies shared the closer in relation. Hair is homologous to mammals |
| Anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor | Homologous structures |
| _____existing structures produces imperfections | "retrofitting" (back and knee problems are common in humans) |
| Structures with little or no importance, derived from important ancestral structures. Examples are hind legs in whales or remnants of hind limbs that look like claws in ball pythons | Vestigial organs |
| The Darwinian concept that are hypotheses about the relationships among groups. Can be made using different types of data such as anatomical and DNA sequence data | Evolutionary tree |
| Similar features in distantly related groups that arise when groups independently adapt to similar environments in similar ways | Analogous traits |
| The evolution of analogous features in distantly related groups. Does not provide information about ancestry | Convergent evolution |
| The geographic distribution of species | Biogeography |
| Islands have many ____ species that are often closely related to species on the nearest mainland or island; many species of plants and animals that are found nowhere else in the world | Endemic |
| Earth's continents were formerly united in a single large continent called _____, but have since separated by _____ | Pangaea, continental drift |
| Siad factuality of evolution is beyond a reasonable doubt and that to reject evolution is to reject reason | Pope John Paul II Oct. 22, 1996 Pontifical Academy of Sciences |
| British "God has an inordinate fondness for beetles" | Haldane |
| layers | strata |
| Flood or drought came along and formed layers. Cuvier says that it wiped out species (didn't believe in evolution) | Catastrophism |
| Lyell and Hutton proposed similar theories | Gradualism and uniformitarianism |
| Giraffes stretching necks is an example of | Inheritance of acquired characteristics |
| Temperate and tropical plants of South America are more similar than Temperates in South America and Temperates in Europe | Regional similarity, noted by Darwin |
| Sent Darwin his manuscript in 1858 | Alfred Wallace |
| What Darwin was greatly influence by | Artificial selection |
Created by:
AliRutherford
Popular Biology sets