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Bio Unit 2
Vocab for Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from the surroundings, basic unit of all forms of life. |
| cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things and new cells are produced from existing cells |
| nucleus | the center of an atom which contains the protons and neutrons in cells structure that contains the cells genetic materials and controls activities |
| eukaryote | organisms who cell contains nuclei |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cell function with a eukaryote cell |
| cytoplasm | material inside cell membrane not including the nucleus |
| chromosome | threadlike structure with in the nucleus containing the genetic info that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| ribosome | small particle in the cell which proteins are assembled made of DNA and RNA |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system in cells which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in cell |
| mitochondria | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| vacuole | cell organelle that stores material such as water salts proteins and carbs |
| chloroplasts | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from the sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments within some cells that help the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| cell membrane | thin and flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| centromere | area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
| cancer | disorder in some of the body's cells loose the ability to control growth |
| cell wall | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants algae and some bacteria |
| diffusion | process by which some molecules tend to move from one area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| mitosis | part of the eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
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