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Day 4a

Preg and Lactation - Definition

QuestionAnswer
Abnormal development Teratogenesis
An organism or substance capable of altering development Teratogen
When can transfer of nutrients and other substances via the plancetia? 5 weeks gestation (through Passive diffusion)
All-or-none effect resulting in spontaneous abortion or miscarriage (First trimester) 2 weeks
Sensitivity to teratogens increases when cells begin to divide (First trimester)
CNS development occur when? (First trimester) week 3-5
Creation of major organ system are finished (organogenesis is complete) (First trimester) After the first 10 weeks
Effects are likely physiologic, minor morphological abnormalities are possible (Second Trimester: week 14 -26)
Growth retardation is a possibility (Second Trimester: week 14 -26)
More likely to affect long-term CNS function (learning, behavior) Third trimesters: weeks 27-39
Brain continues myelinating for 2 additional years after birth Third trimesters: weeks 27-39
Risk of growth retardation continues Third trimesters: weeks 27-39
Preg Category? Well-controlled studies demonstrate no risk to the fetus Caterogy A
Preg Category? If animla show risk, human studies show lack of risk OR animla studies show no risk Caterogy B
Preg Category? No human studies and no animal studies OR risk only demonstrate in animal (benefit may outweigh risk) Caterogy C (most common 66%)
Preg Category? investigation or post-marketing data show fetal risk, however, benefit may outweigh risk Caterogy D
Preg Category? Animal or human studies clearly define that there is risk to the fetus, benefit does not outweight risk Caterogy X
Smoking and pregnancy Although not associated with structural birth defects, both mother and baby are at risk for complications
pH of milk? acdiction. Weak bases (pKa >6) concentrates in milk in the ionzied form
pH in plasma Weak acids (pKa < 8) because of greater concentration of ionized form
Created by: _Tom_
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