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Rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| erosion | process where wind, water, ice, or gravity MOVES sediment |
| weathering | process that breaks down rock into sediment (by wind, water, ice, etc.) |
| deposition | process where sediments drop (and may pile up) |
| composition | what a rock is made of (ex: granite is made of quartz, feldspar, and mica) |
| coarse-grained | crystals are larger than sand |
| fine-grained | crystals are too small to be seen without a microscope |
| magma | melted/molten rock underground |
| cooling rate of coarse-grained igneous rock | magma cooled SLOWLY (thousands of years) |
| cooling rate of fine-grained igneous rock | lava cool quickly (days, weeks, months) |
| lava | melted/molten rock on the surface of the earth |
| 2 types of igneous rock | intrusive and extrusive |
| type of igneous rock that forms from magma (underground) | intrusive |
| type of igneous rock that forms from lava | extrusive |
| 3 types of sedimentary rock | clastic, chemical, organic |
| limestone WITH SHELLS/fossils is what type of rock (2 parts) | organic sedimentary |
| type of sedimentary rock that forms when sediment is glued together (ex: sandstone and conglomerates) | clastic |
| 2 forces that create sedimentary rock | compaction (pressure) and cementation (gluing) |
| 2 types of metamorphic rock | foliated and nonfoliated |
| Gneiss is a metamorphic rock with stripes (from pressure). What type of metamorphic rock is gneiss? | foliated |
| What forces can cause metamorphic rock to be created? | heat, pressure (sometimes a chemical reaction) |
| A rock is a mixture of ______________ (and sometimes organic material). | minerals |
| Where is sedimentary rock formed (what conditions)? | underwater |
| Where is metamorphic rock formed (what conditions)? | 1. near magma/lava 2. deep underground 3. where 2 plates collide (mountain building) |
| List the 3 main types of rock. | igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary |
| List a few examples of sediment. | gravel, sand, clay, pieces of shells |
| ______________ is when sediments are pressed/compressed down because of pressure | compaction |
| _______________ is when sediments are naturally glued together | cementation |
| continuous process in which new rock is made from old rock | rock cycle |
| ______________ is the extrusive igneous rock that makes up the ocean floor (black with bubbles) | basalt |
| __________ is the intrusive igneous rock that makes up the continents and mountains | granite |
| marble is a ___________ metamorphic rock because it does not have any stripes/bands | nonfoliated |
| What 3 things are used to identify a ROCK? | (1) texture (2) origin (where it was made and under what conditions) (3) composition (what it's made of) |
| __________________________ is due to the size and shape of the rock grains/crystals (ex: coarse-grained or sharp) | texture |
| any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton, footprint, etc. | fossil |
| the science of the forms of life existing in former geologic periods, as represented by their fossils. | paleontology |
| vertical elevation of the Earth's surface in response to natural causes like plate tectonics | uplift |
| coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a mostly rounded gravel-size pieces | conglomerate |
| rocks consisting mostly of feldspars, quartz, and other light-colored minerals (lots of silica and aluminum so low density) | felsic |
| dark, heavy (higher density) rocks that contain a lot of iron and magnesium | mafic |
| If you are looking for fossils, which type of rock would you look at? | (organic) sedmimentary |
| no longer in existence; that has ended or died out | extinct |
| When you look at the Grand Canyon (or other layers of rocks), where will you usually find the older rocks (top or bottom)? | bottom (lower strata) |
| Which type of rock is formed in or near a volcano? | igneous |
Created by:
mtl19660
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