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biology unit 2.
IB biology
| Flagellum | helps bacterium to move |
|---|---|
| capsule | fragile,and slippery bacterium is harder to engulf holding water and previnting desication, prevnting infection by virus, helping the bacteria to stick to surfaces, and each other |
| nucleoid | and irregularly shaped ergion within a cell of prokaryote that contians all o most of the genetic material, eukaryoitc cell is ont surrounded by nuclear memgrane |
| plasmid | a DNA molecule that is separate from, and can replicate independently of the chromsonal DNA in the nucleoid region. They are double stranded, and in many cases circular |
| conjugation | bacteria regularly exchange plasids through conjugation |
| pili | a pilus from one bacterium attaches to another bacterium and forms a hollow tube that the plasmid moves through |
| cell membrane | regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell |
| ribosome | site of protein synthesis |
| cell wall | peptidogeycan layer that portects and maintains cell shape |
| plasma membrane (cell membrane) | phospholipid layer with proteins that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell, selectivly permeable |
| plasmid | an independent small circle of DNA |
| binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes |
| draw plasma membrane | consist of phospholipid bilayer, intergral protein peripheral protein, oligosacchride chain, glycoprotein, hydrophobic tail, hydrophilic head |
| phospholipid | composed of 3 carbon compound called glycerol (alchohol) and fatty acids, one of the carbons is attached to a phosphate group which is highly polar (head) and other two are connected to fatty acids whch are non-polar (tails). not attracted, membrane is fl |
| proteins | intergral: permanently embedded, many go all the way through and are polytopic,penetrate just one surface |
| peripheral protein | usually have a temporary association with the membrane the can me monotopic or attach to the surface |
| glycoproteins | are proteins with an oligosaccharide chain attached ( self sugar0 |
| cholsetorol | makes the phospholipids pack more tightly, regultes the fluidity and flexibility of the membrane |
| function of membrane protein | cell surface reactions binding cells together communications b/w cells passive and active transport across membrane hormone binding and recognition |
| nucleous | contains chromosomes, surrounded by a double membrane, storage and protection of genetic information on chromosomes |
| lysosomes | digestion of structures and molecules that are not needed in the cell |
| mitocondira | aerobic respieration, produces its own ribosomes,powerhouse |
| chlorplast | double membranes, hlps with photosenthesis. made up of thyllakoids used to absorb light |
| rough ER | large folding membrane structure, protein sysnthis |
| Golgi apparatus | packaging and delivery off porteins |
| eukaryote | membrane bound organelle, true nucleous |
| prokaryote | 70s ribosome no nucleous DNA a naked loop in nucleoid reigon no |
| plant cells | contain a cell wall have chlorplast rigid shape large permanent storage vacuole carbohydrates stored as starch |
| animal cells | does not have cell wall carbohydrates stored as glycogen and animal fat small temeporary vacuole |
| smooth ER | production of membrane phospholipiesand cellular lipids |
Created by:
makaela102320
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