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Biochemistry/cells
vocabulary test . 9/24
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell wall | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane |
| Diffusion | when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm where proteins are made |
| Chromatin | consists of DNA bound to protein |
| monosaccharides | single sugar molecules |
| nucleic acid | polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides |
| vacuole | stores materials such as waters,salts,proteins,and carbohydrates |
| lipids | not soluble in water and made up mostly of fats, oils, and waxes |
| carbohydrates | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio 1:2:1 |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| catalyst | substance that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| nucleus | membrane bound structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA |
| lipidbilayer | composition of the cell membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| endoplasmicreticulum | the site where lipid componets of the cell membrane are made, along with proteins |
| monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| lysosomes | digestion or breakdown of macromoleules within the cell |
| cytoplasm | portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| active transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration differnece |
| prokaryotes | cells that do not contain nuclei |
| pacilitatedotefusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| golgiapparatus | modifies,sorts,and packages proteins for storage in the cell |
| eukaryotes | cells that contain nuclei |
| mitochondria | converts chemical energy into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| caloroplasts | captures energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy |
| proteins | polymers of molecules called amino acids |
| enzymes | proteins that act as biological catalysts |