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AP MOD. II-Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gene | segment of a chromosome that contains gentic code |
| genome | entire set of human chromosomes |
| autosomes | twenty-two pairs of chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | the 23rd pair of chromosomes |
| dominant genes | have effects that appear in the offspring |
| recessive genes | have effects that do not appear in offspring-masked by dominant gene |
| genetic carrier | person who carries a recessive gene |
| X chromosome | "female chromosome" |
| Y chromosome | "male chromosome" |
| genetic mutations | result in abnormalities in genetic code that cause disease |
| single-gene disease | disease caused by individual mutant gene or groups of genes |
| chromosomal diseases | diseases resulting from chromosome breakage or nondisjunction |
| trisomy | a chromosome triplet |
| monosomy | a single chromosome |
| cystic fibrosis | single-gene disease characterized by excessive secretion of mucous and sweat |
| phenylketonuria | (PKU)-single-gene disease characterized by excessive phenylketone in urine |
| Tay-Sachs disease | (TSD)-single-gene recessive condition involving failure to make essential lipid enzyme |
| Down syndrome | chromosomal disease caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 |
| Klinefelter syndrome | chromosomal disease caused by presence of two or more X chromosomes in males (trisomy XXY) |
| Turner syndrome | chromosomal disease-caused by monosomy of X chromosome |
| pedigree | chart illustrating genetic relationships over several generations |
| Punnett square | grid used to determine the probability of inheriting genetic traits |
| karotype | arrangement of chromosome photographs used to detect abnormalities |
| amniocentesis | karotype-collection of fetal cells floating in amniotic fluid |
| chorionic villus sampling | karotype-involves collection of embryonic cells from outside chorionic tissue |