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ECBModule4
SGQuestions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1a. Extracellular digestion | Digestion that takes place outside of the cell |
| 1b. Mycelium | The part of the fungus responsible for extracellular digestion and absorption of the digested food |
| 1c. Hypha | Filament of fungul cells |
| 1d. Rhizoid hypha | A hypha that is imbedded in the material on which the fungus grows |
| 1e. Aerial hypha | A hypha that is not imbedded in the material upon which the fungus grows |
| 1f. Sporophore | Specialized aerial hypha that produces spores |
| 1g. Stolon | An aerial hypha that asexually reproduces to make more filaments |
| 1h. Haustorium | a hypha of a parasitic fungus which enters the host's cells, absorbing nutrition directly from the cytoplasm |
| 1i. Chitin | A chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility to a cell wall |
| 1j. Membrane | A thin covering of tissue |
| 1k. Fermentation | The anaerobic (with oxygen) breakdown of sugars into alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid. |
| 1l. Zygospore | A zygote surrounded by a hard, protective covering |
| 1m. Zygote | The result of a sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring |
| 1n. Anitbiotic | a chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rates of other organisms |
| 2a. What hyphae are common to all fungi? | Only rhizoid hyphae are common to all fungi. |
| 2b Extracellular digestion | common to the majority of fungi |
| 2c Chitin | common to the majority of fungi |
| 2d Mycelia | common to the majority of fungi |
| 2e Hyphae | common to the majority of fungi |
| 2f Cells (all living creatures have) | common to the majority of fungi |
| 2g Rhizoid hyphae | common to the majority of fungi |
| 2h Stolons (specialized hyphae) | present only in some fungi |
| 2i caps and stalks (only mushrooms have them) | present only in some fungi |
| 2j Sporangiophores (specialized hyphae with enclosed spores) | present only in some fungi |
| 2k Haustoria | present only in some fungi |
| 2l Motile spores | present only in some fungi |
| 2m Septate hyphae (many have non-septate hyphae) | present only in some fungi |
| 3. Many biologists say that a mushroom is much like an iceberg, because only about 10% of an iceberg is visible from the surface of the ocean. What do they mean? | Typically, we see only the fruiting body of a mushroom. Like an iceberg, that visible part is only a small fraction of the total mushroom, because the mycelium is the largest component of a mushroom. |
| 4. What is the difference between septate and non-septate hyphae? | Septate hyphae have cell walls to separate the cells while non-septate hyphae do not. |
| 5. What is the function of the following specialized hyphae? rhizoid hyphae stolon sporophore haustorium | Rhizoid hyphae support the fungus and digest the food; a stolen asexually reproduces; a sporophore releases spores for reproduction; and a haustorium invades the cells of a living host to absorb food directly from the cytoplasm. |
| 6. Of the hyphae rhizoid hyphae, stolon, sporophore, haustorium, which are aerial? | Stolons and sporophores are aerial. Arial hyphae are not imbedded in the material upon which fungus grows. In order to perform their jobs, rhizoid hyphae and haustoria must be imbedded in the material. |
| 7. What is the difference between sporoangiophore and a conidiophore? | A sporoangiophore produces its spores in an enclosure, a conidiophore does not. |
| 8. Give the main characteristic associated with each of the four phyla of kingdom Fungi: Mastigomycota, amastigomycota, Imperfect fungi, and Myxomycota. | Organisms in phylum Mastigomycota form motile spores, while organisms in phylum Amastigomycota resemble protozoa in their feeding stage and fungi in their reproductive stage. |
| 10. What is the main difference between shelf fungi, puffballs, and mushrooms? | The main difference is where they form their spores. Mushrooms form them on basidia that exist in the gills of the cap, puffballs produce them on the basidia enclosed in a membrane, and shelf fungi produce them on basidia in pores on the fruiting body. |
| 11. What is a alternate host? list a type of fungus that uses one. | An alternate host is used by a parasitic fungus at some stage in its life. It is not he host that the fungus spends most of its life on, it is simply a temporary host that is necessary for a certain part of the fungus' development. Rusts them. |
| 12 what type of fungus is best known for fermentation? To which class does it belong? | Yeast are best known for fermentation. They belong to class Ascomycetes. |
| 13. How is budding different than the asexual reproduction in bacteria? | In budding, the offspring stays attached to the aren't until it has grown. In bacterial asexual reproduction, the offspring grows on its own. |
| 14a.Name two pathogenic fungi that cause crop damage. | rusts and smuts |
| 14b. Name a pathogenic fungi that causes death (Claviceps purpurea) | ergot of rye |
| 14c. Name a pathogenic fungi that causes chestnut blight. | Cryphonectria parasitica |
| 14d. Name a pathogenic fungi that causes Dutch elm disease. | Ophiostoma ulmi |
| 14e. Name a pathogenic fungi that causes late blight of potato. | Phytophthora infestans |
| 15. List the major characteristics associated with each of the three classes of phylum Amastigomycota: Basidiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes. | Members of the class Basidiomycetes form spores on club-shaped cells known as basidia. Class Ascomycetes form their spores in sacs called asci. Class Zygomycetes produce zygospores. |
| 16. Describe the three ways bread mold can reproduce. In each case, say whether the reproduction in sexual or asexual. | Bread mold can asexually reproduce whena stolon elongates and eventually starts another mycelium. It can also asexually reproduce when an aerial hypha forms a sporophore. Sexually, bread mold reproduce when two mycelia form a zygospore. |
| 17. What puts a fungus into phylum Imperfect Fungi? | If we do not know what its sexual mode of spore formation is, we place the fungus in phylum Imperfect Fungi. |
| 18. What can happen when an antibiotic is used too much? | If an antibiotic is used too much, resistant strains of the pathogen it is supposed to destroy can be formed. |
| 19. Name the genus of the fungus that produces penicillin. | Penicillin is extracted from a fungus in genus Penicillium. |
| 20. When a slime mold is a plasmodium, it resembles organisms from what kingdom? | In its feeding stage, a slime mold is plasmodium. During that time, it resembles organisms from the kingdom Protista. |
| 21. What is the easiest way to get rid of slime molds? | Slime molds must have water to survive. Keep the habitat dry and all slime molds will die. |
| 22a.Name one of the two major forms of symbiosis in which fungi participate. Describe the relationship and the fob of each participant in that relationship. | One way fungi participate in symbiosis is by forming lichens. A lichen in a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an algae. The algae produces food for both creatures via photosynthesis and the fungus support and protects the algae. |
| 22b. Name the other major form of symbiosis in which fungi participate. | Mycorrhizae. Mycorrhhizae are symbiotic relationships between a fungus' mycelium and a plant's root system. The mycelium takes nutrients from the root while it collects minerals from the soil and gives it to the root. |
| 23. What is soredium? | A soredium is the specialized spore produced by most lichens. It contains spores for both the fungus and the algae. |
Created by:
biowolf2013
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