the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.

contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water, and air (atmosphere).

a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.

groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.

a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities.

organisms that use energy from the environment to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules.

organisms that make their own food.

a process in which autotrophs use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates.

autotrophs that use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.

organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.

obtain energy from only eating plants

obtain energy from eating animals

obtain energy from eating plants and animals.

organisms that feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter.

organisms that break down organic matter.

a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

links together all the food chains in an ecosystem.(complex interactions)

each step on a food chain/food web.

a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained withing each trophic level in a food chain/web.

the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.

a cycle in which elements, compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another. (connects biological, geological, and chemical aspects of the biosphere)

the process by which liquid water is changed into atmospheric gas.

a process by which water enters the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants.

all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life.

a process in which nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia. (by bacteria and legumes)

the process that releases nitrogen into the atmosphere after nitrogen fixation.

the rate at which organic matter is created by producers.

a nutrient by which an ecosystem has limited supply of or cycles very slowly.

the result of the large input of a limited nutrient that causes an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers.

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Biology Chapter 3

Term	Definition
Ecology	the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.
bioshpere	contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water, and air (atmosphere).
Species	a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
populations	groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.
communities	assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.
ecosystem	a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.
biome	a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities.
autotrophs	organisms that use energy from the environment to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules.
producers	organisms that make their own food.
photosynthesis	a process in which autotrophs use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates.
chemosynthesis	autotrophs that use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.
heterotrophs	organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.
consumer	another word for heterotrophs.
herbivores	obtain energy from only eating plants
carnivores	obtain energy from eating animals
omnivores	obtain energy from eating plants and animals.
detritivores	organisms that feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter.
decomposers	organisms that break down organic matter.
food chain	a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
food web	links together all the food chains in an ecosystem.(complex interactions)
trophic level	each step on a food chain/food web.
ecological pyramid	a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained withing each trophic level in a food chain/web.
biomass	the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.
biogeochemical cycle	a cycle in which elements, compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another. (connects biological, geological, and chemical aspects of the biosphere)
evaporation	the process by which liquid water is changed into atmospheric gas.
transpiration	a process by which water enters the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants.
nutrients	all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life.
nitrogen fixation	a process in which nitrogen gas is converted to ammonia. (by bacteria and legumes)
denitrification	the process that releases nitrogen into the atmosphere after nitrogen fixation.
primary productivity	the rate at which organic matter is created by producers.
limiting nutrient	a nutrient by which an ecosystem has limited supply of or cycles very slowly.
algal bloom	the result of the large input of a limited nutrient that causes an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers.

Created by: meg_strayer

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