Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Micriobiology
Microbiolgoy Study Questions
| Who coined the term | Robert Hooke |
|---|---|
| Who is the "Father of Microbiology," used the term "animalcules" meaning little animals to describe microbes, and is credited with the light microscope? | Anton Von Leeuwenhoek |
| Who was the first to try and disprove spontaneous generation with the meat and jar experiment? | Francisco Redi |
| Who sought to disprove spontaneous generation with broth and sealed flasks to eliminate endospore growth? | Lazarro Spallanzani |
| Who fought to prove spontaneous generation with boiled broth and an open flask? | John Needham |
| Who created the "Germ Theory of Disease" and finally disproved spontaneous generation with flasks of broth and curved tubed openings? | Louis Pasteur |
| What are Koch's Postulates? | 1. Organism must always be present in each disease case. 2. It must be isolated and grown in puDefre culture. 3. Must cause disease when culture is inoculated into healthy animal. 4. Must be isolated from inoculated animal and identified as the same. |
| Define aseptic/sterile. | completely free of microorganisms |
| Define disinfect. | removal of disease causing microorganisms from an inanimate object |
| sanitize | reduce viable number of microbes |
| pasteurize | reduce viable microbes in liquids (63 degrees C, 30 min, and immediate cool down) |
| nosocomial | originating in a hospital |
| What is the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote cell? *chromosome # | Eukaryote: Nucleus, nucleolis, mitochondria/organelles, larger 80s ribosomes, larger, diploid Prokaryote: Nucleoid, capsule, smaller 70s ribosome, no membrane organelles, singular circular chromosomes, binary fission and DNA transfer, haploid |
| What are the bacterial shapes? | cocci (circular), bacilli (rods), spiral, pleomorphic (no shape), cluster(staph), diplococci, strep |
| What does gram positive and gram negative classifications mean? | Gram postive: absorb crystal violet and will appear BLUE Gram negative: absorb the safranin and appear RED |
| What is the difference between basal body flagella and axial flagella? | basal body flagella: basal body spins around |
| Vaccines were started with which scientist? | Edward Jenner |
| autoclave | Sterilization method using high pressure, steam, and high temperature for a given time period |
| What is a mesophile? | A bacteria that grows in humans. |
| What are the steps to gram staining? | 1. Pour crystal violet stain and wait 60s 2. Wash off with water and flood with iodine solution, wait 60s 3. Wash off with h20 and "decolorize" with 95% alcohol 4. Counter-stain with safranin (red dye), waith 30s, wash off with h2o |
| What are the layers of a gram positive cell wall? | 1. c inner cystoplasmic membrane 2. outer thick peptidoglycan layer cell envelope cytoplasmic membrane/lipid bylayer |
| Define chemotaxis | Movement of motile cell via a chemical gradient |
| What are the layers of a gram negative cell wall? | 1. cytoplasmic membrane/phsopholipid bylayer (then perplasmic space with gel) 2. peptidoglycan layer -very thin 3. outer phsopholipid bilayer with hydrophobic tails w/ LPS - lippolysaccaride |
| What is LPS? | Lipopolysaccharide: 1. outer O-specific side chain (O-antigen) of C chains 2. water soluble core polysaccharide 3. lipid A: gram negative endotoxin |
| What is lipid A | The endotoxin of gram negative bacteria. When bacteria are lysed by immune cells, lipid A is released causing symptoms |
| virulence | the degree of an organizms pathogenicity; what causes symptoms/disease |
| What are Lancefield antigens? | antigen classifications of strep; ones that cause virulence in humans: A (s. pyogenes), B (S. agalacticiae), and D (enterococci, and others) |
| What are the 7 Gram positive bacteria? | 1. Streptococcus 2. Staphyloccocus 3. Bacillus 4. Clostridium 5. Corynbacterium 6. Listeria 7. Enterococcus |
| Beta hemolytic | strep that completely lyses RBC's; is clear in agar; S. pyogenes S. agalacticiae |
| Alpha hemolytic | strep partially lyses RBC's; green in agar S. pneumonia S. viridians |
| Gamma hemolytic | strep with no lyses of RBC enterococcus |
| What 4 types of disease are caused by Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococci? | 1. pharyngitis 2. Skin Infections 3. Scarlett Fever 4.Toxic Shock Syndrom |
| What are the virulence factors of Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococci? | C carbohydrate and M protein |
| What are the 6 major symptoms of Rheumatic Fever? | 1. Fever 2. Myocarditis 3. Joint Swelling 4. Chorea (uncontrolled dance like movements) 5. Subcutaneous nodules 6. Rash - erythema marginatum |
| What causes Necrotizing Fascitis? | Strep - M protein blocks phagocytosis |
| What test is used to test for Strep Pharyngitis? | RADT (Rapid Antigen Detection Test) |
| What causes meningitis in babies? | Strep. agalactiae |
| What is a Group D Gamma hemolytic streptococci? | enterococcus |
| What are the Alpha hemolytic strep? | S. Pneumoniae S. Viridians |
| What test would you use to determine S. pneumoniae? | Optochin test |
| What conditions are associated with S. pneumoniae? | MOPS: meningitis otitis media pneumonia sinusitis |
| What streptococci bacteria is associated with colon cancer | S. bovis |
| How would you distinguish staph and strep in a catalase test? | Staph -positive Strep - negative |
| What staph bacteria is the only coagulase positive? | Staph aureus |
| What are the 2 ways S. aureus causes disease? | 1. exotoxin release 2. Direct organ invasion |
| What are the 8 diseases associated to S. aureus direct organ invasions? | 1. pneumonia meningitis osteomyelitis acute bacterial endocarditis septic arthritis skin infections bacteremia/sepsis UTI |
| What are the exotoxin disease associated with S. aureus? | gastroenteritis toxic shock syndrome baby scalded skin syndrome |
| What does Protein A do? | protects organism from opsinasation and phagocytosis |
| Panton-Valentine Leukocidin | leukocydin (destroys leukocytes); CA-MRSA which is associated with propensity to form abscesses |
| Which bacteria infects "honeymooners"? | Staph. Saprophyticus - most common after E. coli for female UTI infections |
| What is the causive agent of anthrax and where are the virulence factors located? | Bacillus anthracis; on the plasmid pXO1 and pXO2 and is stimulated by increase in heat (inside a host) |
| What are the 2 gram positive spore-forming rods? | Bacillus and Clostridium |
| What are the 3 exotoxins of B. antrhacis? | EF (edema factor), PA (protective antigen), LF (lethal factor) |
| Why is the capsule of B. antracis different? What test can be used to determine B. antracis? | the capsule is made of amino acids not sugars, Quelling REacion on agar causes capsule to swell |
| What are the 4 phases of bacterial growth? | lag, log (exponential growth), stationary, deterioration/death |
| What are the 2 obligate intracellular orgnaisms? | rickettsia and chlamydia |
| What does obligate intracellular mean? | these are parasitic bacteria- rely on and steal the host cell's energy/ATP |
| What is a mesophile? | Bacteria that grow in humans! Thrive at the temperature of 37 degrees celsius or body temp |
| What enzyme does penicillin inhibit? | transpeptidase |
| What is the endotoxin of gram negative bacteria? | LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) located on the outer cell wall of gram negative bacteria -includes the O antigen and lipid A (endotoxin) |
| What part of LPS is the endotoxic agent? | lipid A, is released when cell is lysed by immune system causing fever, diarrhea, septic shock |
| Which is the only gram positive bacteria that does not have endotoxin? (all gram negative have endotoxin, all gram positive do not except...) | |
| What bacteria is Group A, Beta hemolytic? | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| What are the 4 immediate disease presentations of Streptococcus pyogenes? | pharyngitits, scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, skin infectiosn |
| What are the 2 delayed disease presentations of Streptococcus pyogenes? | rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis |
| What test is used to dtermine the presence of Streptococcus pyogenes | RADT |
| What causes Necrotizing Fasciitis and waht is the virulence factor? | Streptococcus pyogenes, it prevents phagocytosis |
| Is scarlet fever common in adults or children? | |
| What are the 6 symptoms of rheumatic fever? | fever, myocarditis, chorea, joint swelling, nodules, rash |
| What microbe in group D Streptococcus gamma hemolytic is associated with colon cancer? | |
| What population/demographic is susceptible to Group B Streptococcus? | |
| What is the largest group of bacteria? | S. viridans |
| What is the only coagulase positive bacteria? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Which is catalase positive: staph or strep? | staph! |
| What is the leading casue of UTI? Second leading cause? | |
| What is the causitive agent of catheter infections? | S. epdermidis |
| C. botulinum vs. C. tatani | C. botulinum: paralysis C. tetani: over activation of muscles |
| What is the virulence facotor of C. tetani? Common way of acquisistion? | step on rusty nail |
| What is the causitive agent of Gas Gangrene? | |
| what is the common casue of antibiotic associated diarrhea (gram positive)? | the enterics |
| What enzyme catalyzes the formation of peptidoglycan layer of cell wall? | transpeptidase |
| What is an important polysaccharide present in gram positive cell walls? | tecihoic acid - is an antigenic determinant |
| Where is murein lipoprotein? | in gram negative thin peptidoglycan layer - extends all the way to 3rd outer layer binding it together |
| What are the spiral shape bacterium and what is the major one? | spirochetes, treponema pallidum = syphilis |
| What are the 3 enzymes that break down molecular oxygen? | catalase (hydrogen peroxide) peroxidase (hydrogen peroxide) superoxide dismutase (superoxide radical) |
| What is the difference between flagella, pili and sex pili? | flagella: extend from basal body allowing motility and chemotaxis pili: straight filaments arising from wall, much shorter, are adherence factors (adhesins) vital to virulence to bind to linings |
| List the faculative intracellular organisms. | |
| What are the 2 polypetide subunits for exotoxin? | (key): subunit B -binding subunit H -holding (gun): subunit A -action subunit L -laser |
| Transformation, transduction, conjugation? | transformation: DNA fragments from one cell released and bind to membrane of another similar cell, assymulated transduction: phage penetratoin, piecess of bacterial dna packed with phage capsids can potentially incorporated into another bacterai |
| conjugation | F plasmids pass to another F neg cell -making it F pos forming sex pilus |
Created by:
jkluver
Popular Biology sets