Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
IS-4 Exam 3
Hypertension
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What class of drugs deplete sodium stores and decreases blood volume? | Diuretics |
| Which thiazide diuretic can be used with GFR less than 30 mL/min? | Metolazone (thiazide-like) |
| Why is metolazone advantageous over loop diuretics? | More mild diuresis |
| Which loop diuretic is the most potent? | Bumetanide |
| Which loop diuretic has the longer duration of action? | Torsemide |
| What is ethacrynic acid? | Loop diuretic |
| What is eplerenone? | aldosterone receptor antagonist |
| What is amiloride? | sodium channel blocker |
| What medication(s) are centrally acting agents/vasomotor center? | methyldopa, clonidine |
| What is the MOA of centrally acting sympathoplegic agents? | Bind to presynaptic alpha-2 receptors and decrease NE release/decrease outflow to vasculature |
| Does methyldopa have CNS ADE? | yes (sedation, mental lassitude, decreased concentration) |
| Which drug binds to the imidazoline receptor? | clonidine |
| Which medications have withdrawal symptoms? | Clonidine, beta-blockers |
| When is clonidine CI? | depression patients |
| What is trimethaphan? | ganglion-blocking agent |
| What is the MOA of ganglion blocking agents? | blocks nicotinic cholinoreceptors on postganglionic neurons (decrease sympathetic outflow) |
| What are guanethidine and reserpine? | adrenergic neuron-blocking agents/sympathetic nerve terminals |
| What amino acid is the precursor for NE? | tyrosine |
| What is the MOA of reserpine? | prevents dopamine from entering vessicles |
| What is the MOA of guanethidine? | prevents release of NE and depletes NE in vessicles via anesthesia of sodium conduction channels |
| Does reserpine or guanethidine act peripherally but not centrally? | guanethidine |
| Does reserpine or guanethidine irreversibly block uptake and storage of amines? | reserpine |
| Which medication has EPS symptoms? | reserpine |
| Why does reserpine act centrally and peripherally? | lippophilicity |
| Where do beta-blockers work in the kidney? | Beta-1 receptors on granular cells of JG apparatus |
| Where do beta-blockers work in the body? | Heart, brain, kidney (JG cells), presynaptic adrenergic neurons |
| What drug is the prototype of non-selective beta blockers? | propranolol |
| What are the indicators of beta-blockers in patients? | resting bradycardia, smaller rise in BP in exercise |
| What drug is the prototype of cardioselective beta blockers? | metoprolol |
| What drug is the prototype of long half life beta blockers? | atenolol |
| How is atenolol excreted? | renally |
| Which beta-blocker(s) have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity? (partial agonists) | pindolol, acebutolol |
| Which drug is the prototype for mixed adrenergic antagonists? | labetolol |
| What is the beta:alpa antagonist ration for labetolol? | 3:1 |
| Which drug is the prototype for short half life beta blockers? | esmolol |
| What is the MOA of alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists? | block alpha-1 receptors and dilate arterioles and venules |
| When are alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists most effective? | In combo with diuretic or beta-blocker |
| What do beta-blockers prevent? | reflex tachycardia |
| What is a common ADE with alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists? | first dose syncope |
| What drug is the prototype for alpa-1 blockers? | prazosin |
| Which alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist is an irreversible blocker? | phenoxybenzamine |
| Which drug has no MOA? | Hydralazine |
| Which vasodilator dilates arterioles but not veins? | hydralazine, minoxidil, diazoxide |
| Which vasodilator can have fast and slow metabolizers? | hydralazine |
| Which medication can have a lupus-erythematosus-like syndrome ADE? | hydralazine |
| What is minoxidil? | vasodilator |
| What is the MOA of minoxidil? | opens K+ channels of smooth muscle (stabilizes membranes) |
| Which vasodilator is used for hypertensive emergencies? | Sodium nitroprusside, diazoxide, fenoldopam |
| Which vasodilator activates gyanylyl cyclase? | Sodium nitroprusside |
| Which vasodilator dilates both arterioles and veins? | Sodium nitroprusside |
| What is the "antidote" of cyanide accumulation? | sodium thiosulfate==> thiocyanate is still toxic |
| Which vasodilator causes sodium natriuresis? | fenoldopam |
| When should fenoldopam be avoided? | glaucoma patients |
| What is the MOA of calcium channel blockers? | decrease sodium influx into arteriolar smooth muscle celsls |
| What are the prototypes for DHP CCBs? | amlodipine, felodipine, and nifedipine |
| What are the prototypes for non-DHP CCBs? | verapamil and diltiazem |
| Which CCB's work on cardiac muscle and vasculature? | non-DHPs |
| What class of medicine activates the kallikrein-kinin system? | ACE inhibitors |
| What is the MOA of ARBs? | Competitive antagonists at the AT1 receptor |
| What three responses does Angiotensin II cause besides ADH, thirst, and vasoconstriction? | rapid pressor response, slow pressor response, and vascular and cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling |
| What type of response is increased aldosterone release? | slow pressor response |
| What type of response is increased afterload and vessel wall tension? | cardiac remodeling |
| What are the prototypes for ACE inhibitors? | captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril |
| Chronic use of what class of drugs causes increased transient plasma angiotensin II levels? | ARBs |
| Which drug class has antiproliferative and antiremodeling effects> | ARBs |
| What is the prototype for ARB/AT1 receptor blocker? | losartan |
| Which drug is a renin inhibitor? | aliskiren |
Created by:
jgk25
Popular Science sets