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9.19 Exam day 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) Why is it more advanced? Where has it be very useful | Allows three-dimensional imaging and measurement of structures from atomic size to about 1 um. Useful in studying DNA; it enables investigators to distinguish between bases. |
| Wet mount | drop of medium containing the organisms is placed on a microscope slide, can be used to view living microorganisms |
| Hanging drop mount Why is it used? | special type wet mount often used with dark-field illumination to study motility of organisms |
| what three things does heat fixation accomplish? | -kills organisms -causes organisms to adhere to slide -alters the organism so they more readily accepts stains. |
| What are the most commonly used dyes in microbiology? What are they attracted to? | cationic (positively charged) or basic dyes such as methylene blue, crystal violet, safranin and malachite green -Attracted to any negatively charged cell components |
| What are anionic dyes attracted to? | any positively charged cell materials |
| What are the two main types of stains used in microbiology? | simple stain and differential stain |
| How many dyes are used in differential stain? Why is it more useful than simple stain? | two or more dyes distinguishes between two kinds of organisms or between two different parts of an organism |
| List some types of differential stains | Gram stain/ Niehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain/ Schaeffer-Fulton spore stain |
| Negative gram stain | used when a specimen - or part of it, such as the capsule resists taking up a stain |
| How does a flagellar stain work? | Flagella, appendages that some cells have and use for locomotion, are too thin to be seen easily with the light microscope. when it is necessary to determine their presence or arrangement, flagellar stains are painstakingly prepared to coat the surfaces o |
| C4. Prokaryotic Cell | Cell that lacks a cell nucleus |
| smear? | thin layer of liquid specimen spread out on a microscopic slide |
| Which Kingdom of organisms is composed of prokaryotic cells? | |
| eukaryotic cell (eu means true and karyon means nucleus) | cell that has a distinct cell nucleus and other membrane-bound structures |
| What kingdoms are composed of eukaryotic cells | Eukaryotic cells are found in all of the Kingdoms except Monera (Bacteria) |
| How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar? | |
| What are some important ways prokaryotes and eukaryotes are different? | |
| organelles | internal membrane-enclosed structure found in eukaryotic cells |
| domain | New taxonomic category above the kingdom level, consisting of the Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya |
| What are two prokaryotic domains | |
| What is the eukaryotic domain? | |
| What domain do most bacteria living today belong to? | |
| What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria? | |
| List some variations in bacterial shapes? | |
| pleomorphism | Phenomenon in which bacteria vary widely in form, even within a single culture under optimal conditions |
| List some arrangements of bacteria. | |
| Describe a typical bacteria’s cell wall. | outer layer of most bacterial, algae, fungal, and plant cells that maintains the shape of the cell |
| Describe peptidoglycan. (Murein) | structural polymer in the bacterial cell wall that forms a supporting net |
Created by:
ijuswannarn1
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