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chapter 3
quiz 2 and exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| are the building blocks to all plants and animals | cells |
| Cilia are long extensions containing microtubule doublets in a 9 2 array | Cilia |
| sex cells are also called | germ cells |
| Female oocyte | a cell that develops into an egg |
| each cell maintains.. at the cellular level | homeostasis |
| Somatic Cells | All body cells except sex cells |
| some means.. | body |
| distributes materials by diffusion | Cytosol |
| Membrane extensions containing microfilaments | microvilli |
| plasma membrane also known as | cell membrane |
| Proteasomes | hollow cylinders of proteolytic enzymes with regulatory proteins at their ends |
| Ribosomes | RNA plus proteins |
| fixed ribosomes are bound | to the rough er |
| Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae) containing chambers | Golgi apparatus |
| cytoskeleton | Proteins organized in fine filaments or slender tubes |
| Vesicles containing degradative enzymes | Peroxisomes |
| Double membrane, with inner membrane folds (cristae)enclosing important metabolic enzymes | Mitochondria |
| Vesicles containing degradative enzymes | Peroxisomes |
| Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates | Plasma Membrane |
| Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| lysosomes | Vesicles containing digestive enzymes |
| plasma mem function | protects, sensitivity to environment,structural support |
| Cytosol = | liquid |
| Hydrophobic fatty-acid (poloar or non polar) | non polar |
| Integral Proteins also called | trans-membrane proteins |
| Peripheral Proteins | Bound to inner or outer surface of the membrane |
| what is responsible for the regulation of Exchange with the Environment | plasma membrane |
| Anchoring Proteins also known as... and | stabilizers... Attach to inside or outside structures |
| Recognition Proteins known as.. and | (identifiers.. label cells as norm or abnorm |
| Hydrophilic heads (polar or non polar) | polar |
| Receptor Proteins fuction | Bind and respond to ligands (ions, hormones) |
| Carrier Proteins | Transport specific solutes through membrane |
| ligands are know as | ions or hormones that bind to receptors |
| Regulate water flow and solutes through membrane | Channels |
| which membrane carbohydrates extend outside cell membrane | Proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids |
| Functions of the glycocalyx (sugarcoat) | •Lubrication and Protection •Anchoring and Locomotion • Specificity in Binding (receptors) • Recognition (immune response) |
| All materials inside the cell and outside the nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| Cytosol | (intracellular fluid) |
| Organelles | Structures with specific functions |
| Membranous organelles | • Covered with plasma membrane • Isolated from cytosol • Include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and mitochondria |
| what are the 6 types of nonmembranous organelles | 1. Cytoskeleton 2. Microvilli 3. Centrioles 4. Cilia 5. Ribosomes 6. Proteasomes |
| cytoskeleton includes | micro-filaments- smallest elements intermediate filaments-varies among cell types microtubules-hollow tubes built from globular protein |
| Nonmembranous organelles | • No membrane • Direct contact with cytosol • Include the cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes, and proteasomes |
| Enzyme RNA polymerase transcribes DNA | DNA to mRNA |
| Translation | mRNA moves then binds to ribosomal subunits and is then delivered |
| RNA processing | At stop signal, mRNA detaches from DNA molecule |
Created by:
heatherporter7
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