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Ch.8-ProtozoaVocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Protozoa | An animal-like organism that is capable of carrying out all of its life processes within a single cell |
| Pellicle | A protective and supportive layer of a protozoan's cell body that is immediately beneath the cell membrane |
| Ectoplasm | The clear, firm outer portion of the cytoplasm of a protozoan; beneath the pellicle |
| Endoplasm | The inner fluid-like portion of the cytoplasm of a protozoan; beneath the ectoplasm |
| Contractile vacuoles | A protozoan cell organelle that collects and expels extra water from their cell bodies |
| Cytopharnyx | "Cell throat"; a region of the cell membrane of some protozoa that is specialized for ingesting food through endocytosis |
| Food vacuole | A protozoan cell organelle that is fused with another organelle called a lysosome and is specialized for digestion of food |
| Lysosome | A cell organelle containing digestive enzymes for breaking down food; fused with a food vacuole in protozoa |
| Egestion vacuole | A vacuole within the cell of a protozoan that contains the leftover waste after food has been digested |
| Cytopyge | A region of the cell membrane of some protozoa that is specialized for expelling wastes through exocytosis |
| Sexual reproduction | A method of producing offspring that requires 2 parents and results in offspring that are genetically different from the parents |
| Asexual reproduction | A method of producing offspring that requires only 1 parent and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| Binary fission | A method of asexual reproduction in which the nucleus is replicated and the cytoplasm of the protozoan splits into 2 equally sized cells |
| Budding | A method of asexual reproduction in which the nucleus is replicated and the offspring grows off the side of the parent in a much smaller cell |
| Schizogony | A method of asexual reproduction in which the nucleus of the parent is replicated multiple times and results in many smaller offspring |
| Symbiosis | A relationship between 2 organisms |
| Parasitism | A symbiotic relationship in which 1 organism receives a benefit and the other organism is harmed |
| Definitive host | The host in a symbiotic relationship that holds the parasite during is reproductive stages |
| Intermediate host | The host in a symbiotic relationship that holds the parasite between stages of reproduction |
| Commensalism | A symbiotic relationship in which 1 organism receives a benefit and the other organism is not benefited nor harmed |
| Mutualism | A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms receive a benefit |
| Excavata (supergroup) | The oldest eukaroyotic supergroup of protozoa that is characterized by the presence of a flagellum and a cytosome (a suspended feeding grove) |
| Amoebozoa (supergroup) | The protozoan supergroup that is characterized by amoeboid movement, developing into cysts, possibly having multiple nuclei, and having a test in some cases |
| Rhizaria (supergroup) | The ocean-dwelling supergroup of protozoa that is characterized by filopodia or axopodia that project from holes in their tests |
| Chromalveolata (supergroup) | The protozoan supergroup that is characterized by stacked vesicles called alveoli beneath their cell membranes |
| Pseudopodia | "False feet"; temporary cell extensions of amoebas that are used for feeding and moving |
| Lobopodia | Broad, flat pseudopodia that are composed of both ectoplasm and endoplasm |
| Filopodia | Slender, clear pseudopodia that can deliver food like a conveyor belt |
| Reticulopodia | Pseudopodia that are similar to filopodia except they form a netlike series of temporary cell extensions |
| Axopodia | Thin, needle-like pseudopodia that are used for sticking to things or moving |
| Tests | Protective shells secreted by the cytoplasm of a protozoan; common in ocean-dwelling protozoa; may be made of silica, calcium, chitin, etc. |
| Dinoflagellates | Ocean-dwelling protozoa that are characterized by the presence of 2 flagella; well known for causing Red Tides |
| Mitosome | A modified mitochondrion that does not use oxygen to remove energy from carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria | A cell organelle that is capable of removing energy from carbohydrates; also known as the "energy factory" in a cell |
| Cilia | Tiny, hairlike projections that allow protozoa to swim or move around |
| Flagella | A long, tail-like structure that projects from the rear end of a protozoan and allows it to move forward and feed |
| Plasmodium | The protozoan that is known for causing malaria in humans; has a complex life cycle involving humans and the Anopheles mosquito |
| Entamoeba hystolytica | The protozoan that is known for causing Amoebiasis in humans; consumed in contaminated water sources |
| Trypanosoma brucei | The protozoan that is known for causing African Sleeping Sickness in humans; transmitted by the Tsetse fly |
| Macronucleus | A large nucleus found within the ciliated protozoa that regulates cellular metabolism |
| Micronucleus | A small nucleus found within the ciliated protozoa that carries the genetic info (DNA) |
| Exocytosis | Process by which substances move out of a cell across the cell membrane via vesicles or vacuoles |
| Endocytosis | Process by which substances move across a cell membrane into the cell via vesicles or vacuoles |
| Phagocytosis | "Cellular eating"; a form of endocytosis; process by which a cell engulfs bacteria, macromolecules, and other food sources and digests their substances |
| Vacuole | Any small membrane-bound space or cavity formed in the cytoplasm of a cell; functions either for food storage/digestion or water expulsion |
Created by:
Julie.topping
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