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LD Biologist Tools
Tools of the Biologist
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| SIMPLE MICROSCOPE | also known as a magnifying glass (hand lens) |
| COMPOUND MICROSCOPE | Microscope with two lenses; has an optical system (objective & ocular lens), mechanical system (all the parts that move & help it focus), & a light system (light or mirror) |
| COMPOUND MICROSCOPE | As light passes through filters, it allows distinction between the structures of a living cell. The use of stain kills the cell. New vital stains keep the cell alive. |
| PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE | Type of compound microscope that allows the details within a living specimens to be seen without staining. (i.e.: shows organelles without killing the cell; sometimes you see the halo effect around the edges) |
| STEREOMICROSCOPE (DISSECTING MICROSCOPE) | Has two eyepieces and two objective lenses to produce a 3-D view of specimens (Ex: View) |
| ELECTRON MICROSCOPE | Magnifies more than 100,000 X through the use of a narrow beam of electrons rather than of light. The beam is focused by a set of magnets instead of lenses. Specimens must be specially prepared & thin. |
| TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE | Magnifies 250,000 times through the use of a narrow beam of electrons rather than of light (nerve of cell mitochondria) |
| SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE | Uses an electron beam that passes back and forth over the surface to produce an image of great depth. |
| MICRO-DISSECTION | Technique to remove parts of a cell or transfer them to another cell (i.e.: transfer a nucleus to another cell). |
| CENTRIFUGE | Separates cell parts by density as it whirls them around most dense parts go to bottom and least dense parts go to top. |
| TISSUE CULTURE | Cells from living organisms are bathed in a fluid of nutrients, oxygen, & other mediums for the cells to grow in a petri dish. |
| CHROMATOGRAPHY | A technique that separates different substances based on their physical or chemical properties in a solvent. You can identify a substance based on the rate at which it moves & the pattern it leaves. |
| ELECTROPHORESIS | Separates different substances when electric current is added. DNA bands or protein have different rates at which it moves through the gel depending on the size of the fragments. |
| SPECTROPHOTOMETER | Measures how much light is absorbed by a substance. |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging - uses magnetic field and radio frequencies to create a 2D or 3D image. Magnet moves hydrogen atoms in the same direction. Radio signals atoms to spin which creates an image. |
| CAT SCAN | Computerized axial tomography - uses x-rays in all directions which when computer puts them all together it creates a 2D or 3D image. |
| SONOGRAM | Uses sound waves to get an image |
| COMPUTER | Generate images, such as a CAT scan, of body tissues |
| MICROMANIPULATOR | Permits delicate procedures to be performed on single cells or other small objects. |
| MAGNIFICATION | The ratio of the image size to the object size |
| RESOLUTION | The ability of a microscope to show two points that are close together as separate images |
| OPTICAL SYSTEM | The lenses of a compound microscope |
| MECHANICAL SYSTEM | The structural parts of a microscope that hold the specimen and lenses and permit focusing of the image. |
| LIGHT SYSTEM | The mirror and diaphragm in a microscope |
Created by:
desilva13
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