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BIO104 - CH4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Order of structures from smallest to largest | cells>tissues>organ>organ systems |
| What is a tissue? | collection of cells of same type that perform a common function |
| What are the 4 major tissue types? | connective, muscular, nervous, epithelial |
| What is the function of the connective tissue? | Bind and support parts of the body |
| What is the structure of the connective tissue? | Loose cells surrounded by protein matrix |
| What are the three types of connective tissue? | Fibrous, supportive, fluid |
| What are connective tissue composed of? | specialized cells, ground substances, protein fibers |
| What is the matrix of the connective tissue? | Ground substance and protein fibers |
| Describe structure of Fibrous Connective Tissue | contains fibroblast cells in a matrix of collagen and elastic fibers |
| What are the types of Fibrous Connective tissue? | loose fibrous connective tissue and dense fibrous connective tissue |
| What is the function of the loose fibrous connective tissue? | Supports epithelium and many internal organs |
| What is an adipose tissue? | Type of Loose Fibrous connective tissue where fat is stored |
| What is the function of dense fibrous connective tissue? | tendon: connect muscle to bone ligament connect bone to bone at joints |
| What are the types of supportive connective tissue? | cartilage and bone |
| What is the structure of cartilage? | Cells are in a chamber called lacune (holes or spaces); the matrix is solid but flexible |
| What are the types of cartilages? | Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage |
| Describe and locate Hyaline cartilage | Fine collagen fibers; nose, ends of long bones, fetal skeleton |
| Describe and locate Elastic cartilage | more elastic fibers than collagen; outer ear |
| Describe and locate Fibrocartilage | Strong collagen fibers; disks between vertabae |
| What distinguishes between the 3 cartilages? | types of fibers |
| Most common cartilages? | Hyaline |
| Describe the structure of bones | Cells are in chambers called lacunes, matrix is solid and rigid, matrix is made of collagen and calcium salt. |
| What are the types of bones? | Compact and spongy |
| Describe structure and locate Compact bone | repeating circular unites called osteons; shafts of long bones |
| Describe structure and locate Spongy bone | open lattcework; ends of long bones, inside long bones |
| What are the types of fluid tissues? | Blood and lymph |
| Describe structure of blood | Fluid matrix called plasma, specialized cells called formed elements |
| What are the 3 types of formed elements and their functions? | Red blood cells - carry oxygen White blood cells - fight infections platelets - cell fragments that clot blood |
| Describe Lymph fluid connective tissue | Matrix is fluid called lympth, contains white blood cells |
| What is the function of Muscular tissue? | allows movement of body |
| What is muscle tissue made of? | muscle cells |
| What do muscle cells contain? | Proteins actin and myosin |
| What are the types of muscle tissue? | Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac |
| Describe structure of Skeletal muscle | Long, cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei per cell and striated fibers |
| Where are skeletal muscles located? | attached to bone for movement |
| Is the type of skeletal muscle movement voluntary or involuntary? | voluntary |
| Describe structure of smooth muscle | spindle-shaped cells, one nuclei per cell, unstriated fibers |
| Where are smooth muscles located? | walls of hollow organs and vessels |
| Is the type of smooth muscle movement voluntary or involuntary? | involuntary |
| Describe structure of Cardiac muscle | branched shape cells, once nuclei per cell, striated fibers with darker striation called intercalated disks between cells |
| Where are cardiac muscles located? | heart |
| Is the type of smooth muscle movement voluntary or involuntary? | involuntary |
| What is the function of nervous tissue? | allows communication between cells, receives sensory info, process info, generates motor response |
| What are the 2 major nerve cell types? | Neuron and neuraglia (supporter helper cell) |
| What are the 3 parts of a neuron? | Dendite, cell body, and axon |
| What part of the neuron carries info to cell body? | Dendite |
| What part of neuron carries info away from cell body | axon |
| What is the difference between a nerve and a nerve cell? | Nerve cell is the neuron; nerve is a bundle of axons and connective tissue with arteries and veins (like a big cable) |
| What is the function of the neuroglia? | Support and nourish neuron |
| Which is more abundant neurons or neuroglia? | Neuroglia |
| Describe and locate Epithelial tissue | Forms linings and barriers; lines body cavities, covers body surfaces and is found in glands |
| What are the different shapes of epithelial tissues? | Cuboidal (cube-shaped), Columnar (collumn-shaped), and Squamos (flatten) |
| What are the different types of epithelial tissues? | Simple squamos, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous |
| Answer following for Simple Squamous: Shape of cells Number of cell layers Function Location | flatten cells, 1 layer, diffuses and transports, lines lungs and blood vessels |
| Answer following for Simple Cuboidal: Shape of cells Number of cell layers Function Location | cube-shaped cells, 1 layer, absorbs; lining of kidney tubules and various glands |
| Answer following for Simple Columnar: Shape of cells Number of cell layers Function Location | column-shaped (rectangular), 1 layer, contain goblet cells that secrete mucus, lines digestive tract, oviduct |
| Answer following for Pseudostratified columnar: Shape of cells Number of cell layers Function Location | column-shaped, 1 layer, contains goblet cells that secrete mucus, traps particles, cilia sweeps much to back of throat to be swallowed or spit out, lining of trachea |
| Answer following for Stratified Squamous: Shape of cells Number of cell layers Function Location | flatten cells, more than 1 layer, protects, skin, nose, mouth, esophagus, cervix, vagina |
Created by:
PFlynn
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