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Biology 115
Anatomy and Physiological
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Francis Bacon scientific beliefs? | a. Promoted the idea of disciplined inquiry b. 1) observe, 2) measure, 3) explain, 4) verify c. We attain knowledge by studying nature itself. |
| Who discovered the Laws of planetary motion? | Johannes Kepler |
| Who confirmed Copernicus’ heliocentric hypothesis by telescopic observations and mathematical calculations? | Galileo Galilei |
| What are the proper objects of scientific investigation? | 1. Physical properties and behavior 2. Formative history |
| All organisms that are composed of cells, and new cells only and come from pre-exitsting cells are called? | Cells |
| The internal environment of an organism stays relatively constant is called? | Homeostasis |
| Organisms contain coded information that dictates their form, function, and behavior are called? | Genes |
| Populations of organisms interact with each other and the physical environment is called? | Ecosystem |
| All organisms have a common ancestor but each is adapted to a particular way of life is called? | Evolution |
| Scientific theories in Biology are considered what? | explanations |
| A proton has what kind of charge? | a +1 charge |
| A neutron has what kind of charge? | zero charge |
| A electron has what kind of charge? | a -1 charge |
| Why must we begin biology with chemistry? | B/c our bodies are made of chemicals |
| List three chemicals our bodies are made up of? | Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen |
| List three electrolytes that are bodies are made up of? | Sodium, potassium, and Iron |
| What are inorganic chemicals? | water |
| What are organic compounds? | molecules of biology |
| What do sugars and starches do for us? (Carbohydrates) | gives the body sources and storage of energy |
| What are lipids? | fats and oils |
| What do lipids do for us? (fats and oils) | they store energy, and act as insulation cushions |
| Who experimented using “cells” in cork and “juices in live cells. | Robert Hooke |
| Who discovered the cause of ulcers? | Barry James Marshall |
| He made lens, and saw animaliculs in lakewater, 1st to see sperm, Father of Microscopy. | Leeuwenhoek |
| What is the basic unit of life? | a cell |
| These two men believed that all living things are made up of cells. | Schleiden and Schwann |
| Believed new cells arise from preexisting cells. | Virchow |
| What are the two major types of cells? | Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic |
| What forms a barrier btw. the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell? | Cell membrane |
| Controls movement into the cell and out of the cell? | Cell membrane |
| The liquid environment of the inside of the cell that makes movement. | Cytoplasm |
| Protein synthesis? | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| Lipid and membrane synthesis? | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Protein processing, packaging and secretion? | Golgi apparatus |
| Breakdown of molecules? | Lysosomes |
| What does the plasma membrane do for the cell? | 1. boundary of the cell 2. contains lipids and proteins |
| What does the Cytoplasm do for the cell? | 1. holds water and electrolytes 2. proteins - structural and enzymes 3. organelles |
| What does the nucleus do for the cell? | 1. genetic material 2. proteins 3. pores in membrane |
| What does the ribosomes do for the cell? | 1. protein factories 2. RNA and protein |
| What does the Mitochondria do for the cell? | 1. respiration 2. make ATP |
| What does the Cytoskeleton do for the cell? | 1. Actin 2. Microtubules, cilia, flagella |
| All of the cell’s chemical reactions are called? | Metabolism |
| Making molecules (requires energy)is called? | Anabolism |
| Breaking down molecules (releases energy)is called? | Catabolism |
| These are not used up in a reaction but instead are recycled? | Enzymes |
| When a subtrate is broken down to smaller produces? | Degradation |
| When a subtrates are combined to produce a larger product? | Synthesis |
| A network of proteins that maintain cell shape as well as anchors and/or moves organelles in the cell is called? | Cytoskeleton |
| Both are made of microtubules and both are used in movement. | Cilia and Flagella |
| Proteins that structurally and functionally connect cells are called? | Cell Junctions |
| What are the four ways things move across the cell membrane? | 1. diffusion 2. osmosis 3. transporters 4. Endocytosis and exocytosis |
| This is the movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration? | Diffusion |
| This is the diffusion of water molecules? | Osmosis |
| The movement of molecules from a lower to higher concentration using ATP as energy by a protein carrier is called? | Active Transport |
| groups of the same cell type? | Tissues |
| groups of tissues? | Organs |
| groups of organs? | Systems |
| The study of the function of organisms? | Physiology |
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