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Organic Compounds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a macromolecule? | “Giant molecules” made from smaller molecules |
| The formation process of a macromolecule is known as? | Polymerization |
| How are macromolecules formed? | The smaller units, or monomers, join together to form polymers. |
| Organic compounds contain what element? | Carbons |
| What are the 4 groups of organic compounds? | 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Nucleic Acids 4.Proteins |
| Living things use carbohydrates for what 2 purposes? | Energy and structural |
| What are the 3 types of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharide,disaccharide and Polysaccharide |
| What is saccharide? | Sugar |
| Provide 3 examples of monosaccharide and its uses? | Glucose = supplies immediate energy for cells Fructose = found in fruits Galactose = found in milk |
| 4 electrons in carbon form what kind of bond | Covalent bond |
| What are the elements in a carbohydrate? | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (CHO) |
| What is the specific ration for the carbohydrate elements? | 1:2:1 |
| What does monosaccharide mean? | Single Sugar |
| Are there two times as many hydrogen atoms in each molecule? | YES |
| What is an Isomer? | Same formula, different shapes… Different properties |
| Compare the structural formula of glucose and fructose. Are they the same shape? What are they both? | NO Monosaccharides |
| What does disaccharide mean? | Double sugar |
| What is a chemical reaction? | when chemical bonds between atoms are broken or formed resulting in the formation of one or more different substances. |
| What is condensation reaction also known as? | Dehydration Synthesis |
| What do Dehydration Synthesis reactants give off? | Reactants give off H+ and OH- to form H2O |
| How are disaccharides formed? | by chemically joining two Monosaccharide sugars together in a condensation reaction |
| What is hydrolysis? | H2O is split, H+ and OH- then combine with monomers. |
| How do you make Sucrose? | The H+ and OH- ends that were removed fit together with each other for more a new molecule (H2O) . The new molecule has a molecular formula of C12H22O11 and is called Sucrose |
| What does an enzyme do? | It helps create a chemical reaction between 2 substances |
| What does polysaccharide mean? | many sugars |
| What is glycogen? | Animal starch and is stored in the liver and released for energy supply |
| What does plant starch do? | stores excess energy |
| What is cellulose? | Gives plants strength and rigidity |
| If I had 4 molecules of glucose to make a starch, how many water molecules did I produce? | 3 (links of molecules = water molecule) |
| What carbohydrate does Benedict’s Solution test for? | Monosaccharides - Glucose - Fructose - Galactose |
| What color change does Benedict's solution show? | From Blue to Yellow/Orange/Red/Green |
| What carbohydrate does Iodine test for? | Polysaccharides - Starch - Cellulose - Glycogen |
| What color change does Iodine show? | From Amber to Blue/Black |
| What is a key characteristic for Lipids? | They do not dissolve in water |
| What 4 things are lipids used for by the body? | Energy, steroids, cell membrane, water proofing |
| What elements are present in a lipid? | Carbon, Hydrogen |
| What are the main categories for Lipids? | Fat, Oils and waxes |
| What is a lipids specific ratio of elements? | none |
| A fat is known as a triglyceride. What are its components? | 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| What are the elements of a glycerol? | CHO |
| What is a fatty acid? | A fatty acid is a long, hydrocarbon chain ending in a carboxyl (-COOH) group. These ends have contrasting properties |
| Hydrocarbon chain end is referred to as? | Hydrocarbon chain end is referred to as hydrophobic because it is “water fearing”. |
| What is a carboxyl end referred to as? | The carboxyl (-COOH) end is referred to as “hydrophilic” because it is water loving. |
| *Is the carboxyl end polar or nonpolar? | Polar |
| Is the hydrocarbon chain end polar or nonpolar? | nonpolar |
| What elements are present in all fatty acids? | carbon hydrogen oxygen |
| How do the number of hydrogen atoms compare to the number of oxygen atoms in each fatty acid? | Hydrogens numbers vary with the length of the chain |
| How many oxygen atoms are present in each fatty acid? | 2 |
| List a similarity between glycerol and fatty acids | Both are non polar |
| Do fatty acids and glycerol both contain carboxyl group? | No |
| How are triglycerides formed? | by chemically joining one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids in Dehydration Synthesis |
| What does plant starch do? | stores excess energy |
| What is cellulose? | Gives plants strength and rigidity |
| If I had 4 molecules of glucose to make a starch, how many water molecules did I produce? | 3 (links of molecules = water molecule) |
| What carbohydrate does Benedict’s Solution test for? | Monosaccharides - Glucose - Fructose - Galactose |
| What color change does Benedict's solution show? | From Blue to Yellow/Orange/Red/Green |
| What carbohydrate does Iodine test for? | Polysaccharides - Starch - Cellulose - Glycogen |
| What color change does Iodine show? | From Amber to Blue/Black |
| What is a key characteristic for Lipids? | They do not dissolve in water |
| What 4 things are lipids used for by the body? | Energy, steroids, cell membrane, water proofing |
| What elements are present in a lipid? | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (CHO) |
| What are the main categories for Lipids? | Fat, Oils and waxes |
| What is a lipids specific ratio of elements? | none |
| A fat is known as a triglyceride. What are its components? | 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| Living things have how many types of amino acids? | 20 |
| What are the elements of a glycerol? | CHO |
| How do the molecular formulas for all the amino acids differ? | Variable groups |
| What is a fatty acid? | A fatty acid is a long, hydrocarbon chain ending in a carboxyl (-COOH) group. These ends have contrasting properties |
| Amino acids structure? | central carbon amino group carboxyl group (acid) R group (side chain) |
| Hydrocarbon chain end is referred to as? | Hydrocarbon chain end is referred to as hydrophobic because it is “water fearing”. |
| Amino acid are different from another by? | Variable (R) Groups |
| What is a carboxyl end referred to as? | The carboxyl (-COOH) end is referred to as “hydrophilic” because it is water loving. |
| What makes each protein different? | The order, number, kind, and arrangement of amino acids joined. |
| *Is the carboxyl end polar or nonpolar? | Polar |
| Is the hydrocarbon chain end polar or nonpolar? | nonpolar |
| What elements are present in all fatty acids? | carbon hydrogen oxygen |
| How do the number of hydrogen atoms compare to the number of oxygen atoms in each fatty acid? | Hydrogens numbers vary with the length of the chain |
| How many oxygen atoms are present in each fatty acid? | 2 |
| List a similarity between glycerol and fatty acids | Both are non polar |
| Do fatty acids and glycerol both contain carboxyl group? | No |
| How are triglycerides formed? | by chemically joining one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids in Dehydration Synthesis |
| The glycerol and fatty acids do not fit together easily like a puzzle. What needs to be removed to allow the molecules to fit together? | Hydroxide from one and a hydrogen from the other |
| How many water molecules are produced by the construction of one triglyceride molecule? | 3 |
| What are the reactants of the equation? | glycerol and three fatty acids |
| What is an unsaturated fat? | C=C double bonds in the fatty acids (all the Carbons are not saturated with Hydrogens) plant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature |
| What kind of fat is Oleic acid? | Unsaturated |
| What is a saturated fat? | All Carbons are single-bonded to Hydrogens •“Saturated” with Hydrogens •long, straight chain •most animal fats •solid at room temp. |
| Example of saturated fat is? | Butyric acid |
| Polyunsaturated fats are what? | Have multiple C=C double bonds in the fatty acids. eg Linoleic acid |
| What are the functions of proteins? | -Control reaction rates -Regulate cell processes -Used to form bones and muscles -Transport substances -Antibodies fight diseases |
| Proteins are polymers of? | Amino acids |
| Two special groups of proteins are? | 1. Amine Group ( -NH2) 2. Carboxylic Acid (-COOH) |
| Living things have how many types of amino acids? | 20 |
| How do the molecular formulas for all the amino acids differ? | Variable groups |
| Amino acids structure? | central carbon amino group carboxyl group (acid) R group (side chain) |
| Amino acid are different from another by? | Variable (R) Groups |
| What makes each protein different? | The order, number, kind, and arrangement of amino acids joined. |
| What is the bond between H2O amino acids called? | Peptide bond |
| *Functions of proteins | 1. Cell structures 2. Enzymes 3. Chemical messengers |
| Protein function determined by its | 3-dimensional shape |
| What are the monomers of carbs? | Glucose |
| What are the elements of proteins? | CHON |
| What are the elements of nucleic acid? | CHNP |
| How do you test for proteins? | Biuretic Solution |
| How do you test for Lipids? | Brown Paper bag |
| How do you test for carbs? | Iodine |
| What does RNA do? | makes protein |
| What are enzymes? | Catalysts - they speed up chemical reactions in a cell |
| What are the monomers for Lipids? | Glycerol and fatty acids |
| What are the monomer for proteins? | Amino acids |
| What are the monomers of nucleic acids? | nucleotide |
| What is the Lock and Key Model? | When a substrate fits into the active site - like key fits into lock |
| What is referred to the lock and key? | The active site has a specific shape that only matches the shape of the substrate the enzyme acts upon. |
| What are the factors affecting enzyme shape? | temperature, pH and salinity |
| What is the reactant in an enzyme called? | substrates |
| The site on the enzyme where it binds is called? | active site |
Created by:
lubsraja
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