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Mitosis & Meiosis

MRS. SMITH'S 1ST HOUR BIOLOGY

Vocabulary TermsVocabulary Explanation
Prokaryotic Fission The process in which prokaryotes divide by attaching the DNA directly to the cell's plasma membrane where a new portion of the plasma membrane grows between the attachment points, then a cell wall grows between the 2 points creating 2 new daughter cells.
Diploid Two complete sets of homologues carried mainly by eukaryotes. For example, every cell in your brain has 23 chromosomes from your mom and 23 from your dad. ( 2N)
Haploid Cells that contain only one set of chromosomes. For example, the human number is 23. (1N)
Gametes Haploid cells produced in meiosis form these, which are reproductive cells that fuse during fertilization to form diploid cells.
Zygote A diploid cell formed when 2 sets of homologous cells unite at fertilization.
Mitosis Mitosis is in the body cells and the chromosomes line up at the equator during metaphase. This process generally doesn't have "mess-ups" and if it does, it doesn't effect the offspring. Through 1 division of cells it creates 2 identical diploid cells.
Meiosis Meiosis takes place in the sex cells and homologous sets of chromosomes line up together. It can have genetic "mess-ups" that does effect the offspring. Through its 2 divisions of cells, it creates 4 haploid cells.
Translocation This is a mitosis disease where the tip of the chromosome has broken off and attached to a completely different chromosome.
Inversion This is a mitosis disease where the tip of a chromosome has fallen off and landed upside down back on the chromosome.
Deletion This is a mitosis disease where a chromosome is missing a piece of it.
Insertion This is a mitosis disease where a chromosome inserts a chunk of it into a completely different chromosome.
Created by: amylynn
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