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Voc. II

Hormone Synthesis

TermDefinition
Alternate Splicing It is the way of introducing diversity to the gene products of transcription by creating multiple protein products from the same DNA sequence.
Coactivators or corepressors Molecules that help the transcription factors bind to the DNA in order for gene transcription to occur.
Codon A triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule.
Cytokines Any of a class of immune-regulatory proteins that are secreted by cells especially of the immune system.
Exocytosis The release of cellular substances by vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane and transport the substances out of the cell.
Exon A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.
Glycosylation The process by which sugars are chemically attached to proteins to form glycoproteins.
Hormone convertases Enzymes that are packaged into secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi stacks.
Introns A noncoding segment in the DNA that interrupts a gene-coding segment of the DNA.
Metabolic clearance rate Is the same as the half-life of a hormone in blood which is the period of time needed for the hormone’s concentration to be reduced by half.
Neurotransmitter A chemical substance that is produced and secreted by a neuron then diffuses through the synapse to excite or inhibit another neuron.
Nucleosomes Is a section of DNA that is wrapped around a core of proteins called histones.
Prohormone A substance that is a precursor to a hormone, usually having minimal hormonal effect by itself.
Promoter Is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
Secretogranins Large acidic proteins that sort hormones into immature vesicles and process them for secretion.
Signal transduction Conversion of a hormonal message to cellular responses.
SNARE Proteins in the membrane of vesicles and plasma membrane that facilitate secretion of peptide hormones to outside of the cell by exocytosis.
Splicing The removal of introns and the joining of exons from mRNA precursors.
Transcription factors Nuclear proteins, which regulate sites that are upstream from the promoter and stimulate or repress gene transcription.
Created by: caperca
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