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bone and tissue trit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| describe three macroscopic functions of skeletal system | support, protection, movement |
| describe three microscopic functions of skeletal system | blood formation, mineral reservoir, storage of fat |
| explain function of blood formation | red blood marrow that is a connective tissue produces RBC, WBC and platelets process called hematopoieses |
| explain function of mineral reservoir | bone tissue stores many minerals especially calcium which helps with bone strength |
| explain function of storage of fat | yellow bone marrow consist of adipose tissue |
| what are the two major division structures | Axial and Appendicular |
| what is the location of the axial | bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the body imaginary vertical line runs through middle |
| what is the location of the appendicular | upper and lower limbs |
| how many bones are in the axial | 80 |
| how many bones are in the appendicular | 126 |
| total number of bones | 206 |
| what are the five types of bones based on shape | long, short, flat, irregular shape, sesamoid |
| what does calcium do for a mineral reservoir | helps strength in bones and needed for contraction of muscles can affect heart beat |
| axial includes what and number | skull 29, vertebrae 26, sternum 1, ribs 24 |
| appendicular includes what and number | pectoral girdle which is clavicle 2, scapula 2, upper limb 60, lower limb 60, pelvic girdle 2 |
| describe long bones give examples | longer than wide. humerus, femur, radius, ulna, phalanges, tibia, fibia |
| describe short bones give examples | cube shape dont have long axis. carpals, tarsals |
| describe flat bones give examples | sternum, ribs roofing bones of skull and scapula |
| describe irregular bones give examples | no axis. vertebrae, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, calcaneus |
| describe sesamoid bones give examples | not attached embedded in joint capsule and develop in certain tendons where friction. patella |
| major characteristics of skeletal system | endoskeleton capable of growth, adaptation in normal growth and remodeling, repair fixing |
| word root for bone | osseous |
| how is support a function | framework of muscle attachment to tendon |
| tendon attaches | muscle to bone |
| ligament attaches | bone to bone |
| how is protection a function | skull for brain, rib cage for heart and vertebrae for spinal cord |
| how is movement a function | muscle attachment at joints. muscles move joints because of attachment to bone |
| depressions/openings | dip or indentation "hole" in the bone most start with "f" |
| name and describe the depressions | Fossa- shallow depression Fovea- small pit in bone Sulcus- depression between parts |
| name and describe the openings | Foramen- round oval opening through bone Fissure- narrow crack in bone Meatus- canal passage way |
| projections (processes) of bones | site of muscle and ligament attachments help to form joints most start with "t" |
| projections articular surfaces (form joints) | Head- bony expansion carried on a narrow neck Condyle- looks like a knuckle rounded Facet-smooth flat surface (vertebra) |
| projections site of attachment of connective tissure (muscle and ligaments) | Trochanter- large irregular surface (femur) Tuberosity- large elevated and rounded bumpy surface Tubercle- small rounded Protuberance- small protrudes Tubercle |
| diaphysis of long bone | main tubular shaft of bone with ends |
| epiphysis of long bone | epi=top ends of long bone. epipheseal line seperates epiphysis and diaphysis. inside is spongy outside is compact.surface covered with articular (hyaline) cartilage |
| metaphysis of long bone | between diaphysis and epipysis in each growing bone it contains epiphyseal plate by 18-21 cartilage is replaced with bone resulting in epiphyseal line where bone growth stops |
| periosteum of long bone | tough connective tissue around bone |
| endosteum of long bone | thin lining of connective tissue inside lining of meduallary cavity contains bone forming cells |
| articular cartilage of long bone | hyaline cartilage smooth surface articulates with other bones lacks perichondrium and blood vessels so repair of damage is limited |
| compact bone of long bone | strong dense tissue filled with minerals as calcium and phospherous |
| spongy bone of long bone | located at epiphysis very porous filled with red marrow site of blood cell production bone is not very strong does not have osteons some have red others yellow bone marrow |
| medullary cavity of long bone | cavity inside bone in center of diaphysis has yellow marrow and blood vessels |
| red marrow of long bone | produces rbc, wbc and platlets |
| yellow marrow of long bone | consist of adipose cells which stores triglycerides fat for energy also stores nutrients and minerals |
| nutrient foramen of long bone | near center of diaphysis large nutrient artery enters compact bone through this hole |
| compact bone structures | osteon, central canal, lamella, lacuna, canaliculi |
| osteons | structural units of compact bone look like a tree trunk made of central canal |
| central canal | runs longitude (up and down) through the bone includes blood vessels |
| lamellae | layers growth ring mineralized and hard extracellular matrix increases diameter is secreted by osteblasts |
| lacunae | space surrounding osteocytes locks cells in place housing. osteoblasts are now mature and called osteocytes |
| canaliculi | canals which communication between cells take place |
Created by:
Bink23
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