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Bart Chemistry
Matter & Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is matter? | It is anything that takes up space and has mass. |
| What are the 3 states or phases of matter? | They are solid, liquid, gas. |
| What is an element? | A substance made up of only one type of atom. |
| What is a an atom? | The basic building blocks of matter. It is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. |
| What is a proton and where is it found? | It is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of the atom. |
| What is a neutron and where is it found? | It is a particle with no charge found in the nucleus of the atom. |
| What is an electron and where is it found? | It is a negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of an atom in the electron cloud or orbitals. |
| Which particle determines the identity of an element? | The number of protons determines the identity of an element. |
| What is the Atomic Number? | It represents the number of protons in an atom (also the number of electrons). |
| What is Mass Number? | It is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| What is an isotope? | Atoms of the same element that will have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in the nucleus. |
| What is Atomic Mass? | The average weight of the isotopes if an element and is measured in mass units. |
| What is the periodic table of elements? | A chart that groups or classifies elements according to their similar properties. |
| Are most elements metals, nonmetals or metalloids? | They are metals. |
| What is a metalloid? | Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. |
| Where is a period in the periodic table? | They are the rows that go from left to right. |
| Where is a group/family in the periodic table? | They are the columns that run from top to bottom of the chart. |
| What group is the Alkali Metals? | Group 1 |
| Which group is the most reactive of the elements? | Group 1 the Alkali metals |
| How many electrons do the Alkali Metals have in their outermost shell? | 1 electron |
| Which group is the Alkaline Earth Metals? | Group 2 |
| How many electrons do the Alkaline Earth Metals have in their outermost shell? | 2 electrons |
| Where are the Transition Metals found in the periodic table? | In the middle |
| Which group are Halogens? | Group 7 |
| How many electrons do the Halogens have in their outermost shell? | 7 electrons |
| Which group are the Noble gases? | Group 8 |
| How many electrons do the Noble Gases have in their outermost shell? | 8 electrons: they are stable |
| What is a valence electron? | It is the electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom. |
| How many electrons are required to fill a valence shell to make an atom stable? | 8 electrons |
| What is the valence of an atom? | The number of electrons found in its outermost shell. |
| What is an ionic bond? | A bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
| What is a covalent bond? | A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms to fill the outermost shell. |
| What is a Polar Covalent bond? | A covalent bond where the electrons are not shared evenly forming a positive and negative end to the molecule. |
| What is a hydro-carbon? | A molecule formed by long chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms. |
| What are reactants? | A substance that undergoes a chemical change. |
| What are products? | Substances that result from a chemical change. |
| What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? | The mass of reactants in a chemical equation always equals the mass of the products. |
| What is an endothermic reaction? | A reaction where energy is absorbed. |
| What is an exothermic reaction? | A reaction where energy is released. |
| What is a catalyst? | It is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction. (goes faster) |
| Which state of matter has a definite shape and definite volume? | A solid |
| Which state of matter has no definite shape but does have a definite volume. | A liquid |
| Which state of matter has no definite shape and no definite volume? | A gas |
| Which state of matter is the most common in the Universe? | Plasma |
| Changing the thermal energy will cause matter to do what? | Change its state or phase |
| What is temperature a measure of? | The thermal energy in a substance. |
| The temperature where a solid changes to a liquid is called what? | The melting point. |
| What is the melting point of water? | It is 32 Fahernheit or 0 Celsius. |
| The temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid is called what? | The freezing point. |
| What is the freezing point of water? | It is the same as it's melting point 32 Fahrenheit or 0 Celsius. |
| The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas is called what? | The boiling point. |
| What is the boiling point of water? | It is 212 Fahrenheit or 100 Celsius. |
| The temperature at which a gas changes into a liquid is called what? | The condensation point. |
| What is the condensation point of water? | The same as the boiling point 212 Fahrenheit or 100 Celsius. |
| What is the process where a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first? | It is sublimation. |
| What is the process where a gas changes directly into a solid without becoming a liquid first? | It is deposition. |
| Which properties are characteristics that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance? | The physical properties. |
| List 6 physical properties. | color, phase/state, size/shape, density, freezing/melting point, boling/condensation point |
| Which properties are characteristics that cannot be observed without changing the substance's composition? | The chemical properties. |
| List 5 chemical properties. | odor, color change, glowing(produce light), burning (produce heat), rusting |
| Which change happens when the form or appearance of matter changes but not its composition. | Physical change |
| Which change happens when the substances changes into a different substance? | Chemical change |
| List 4 physical changes. | dissolves, absorption, change of state/phase, cut/tear/smash |
| List 6 chemical changes. | color change, form a new gas or solid, prduces light, produces heat, produces odor, absorbs heat |
| There are 2 categories of matter. What are they? | Substances and mixtures |
| What is matter that has the same composition and properties in all parts? | A pure substance. |
| A type of substance that cannot be broken into simpler substances. | An element. |
| What is 2 or more atoms of the same element or different elements bonded together called? | A molecule. |
| What are molecules made up of 2 or more elements called? | A compound. |
| What is the grouping of 2 or more substances mixed but not chemically combined? | A mixture. |
| A type of mixture that is evenly mixed. You can not pick out the different substances that make it. | A homogeneous mxture. |
| A type of mixture where the substances that make it are not mixed evenly. You can still pick out the parts of the substance because they keep their own properties. | A heterogeneous mixture. |
Created by:
mickeycurran
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