Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Bio II Chap 18 Rvw

Biology II Chapter 18 Review

QuestionAnswer
Differentiate between Archaea and Bacteria. Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan and Archaea do not. These two kingdoms have different lipids in their plasma membrane, different ribosomal proteins, and different RNA.
List three functions that the capsule surrounding prokaryotes do. 1. Preventing the cell from drying out, 2. Helping the cell attach to surfaces in its environment, 3. Helps prevent the bacteria from being engulfed by white blood cells, and also 4. Shelters the cell from the effects of antibiotics
Name three general shapes of bacteria and give specific names for each. 1. Round - Cocci 2. Rod - Bacilli 3. Spiral - Spirochetes
List the three subgroups of extremophiles and describe the type of environment they live in. 1. Thermoacidophiles; hot, acidic environments 2. Halophiles; very salty environments 3. Methanogens; live in environments containing carbon dioxide
Why would doctors need to know if bacteria might have a gram positive or gram negative stain? Doctors need to know this because some antibiotics work by attacking the cell wall of bacteria, so they need to prescribe the antibiotics according to the strength of the bacteria's cell wall.
Explain two methods of bacterial reproduction. 1. Binary Fission; Makes 2 identical cells. The cell elongates & a new piece of plasma membrane/cell wall forms splitting the cell and its copy in two. 2. Conjugation; 2 cells attach to each other & pass genetic info along creating new gene combos.
Explain one survival mechanism of a bacteria on the individual level. When conditions are harsh, some bacteria produce a structure called an "endospore" (or a dormant cell that lives a long time). Endospores are resistant to harsh environments & might be able to survive extremes, dehydration, & UV radiation.
Explain one survival mechanism of a bacteria on the population level. Sometimes the changes in the environment need to be adapted to, so bacteria gain genetic mutations (changes/random errors in DNA) which forms new genes, combos, diversity, and characteristics. These mutations could cause antibiotic resistance.
Describe three ways bacteria can be beneficial. 1. Nutrient Cycling; recycling energy by decomposing 2. Nitrogen Fixation; Uses nitrogen gas to make nitrogen compounds 3. Normal Flora; Compete w harmful bacteria and prevent disease 4. Foods & Medicines; Used for production in both
Explain in detail why viruses aren't living. Viruses have no organelles to take in nutrients/use energy, cannot make proteins, cannot move and/or replicate on their own.
How are viruses classified? Viruses are classified by the type of nucleic acid they contain.
Describe one disease caused by a prion. Mad Cow Disease; when prions are infected, they infect the victims brain and its nerve cells causing them to burst. This makes holes in the brain and it alters
Summarize the lytic cycle. Viral replication process in which genetic material of the virus enters the host cell's cytoplasm, the cell replicates the viral DNA or RNA, and the host cell is instructed to manufacture capsids and assemble new viral particles which then leave the cell.
Summarize the lysogenic cycle. Viral replication process in which viral DNA inserts into the host cell's chromosome may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses.
Summarize the retrovirus cycle. The virus attaches to the cell, moves into the cytoplasm and releases RNA. Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA and then moves to the nucleus and turns into a chromosome. Then the host cell makes more of those retroviruses and they infect other cells.
Created by: itscourtneym
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards