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SLSBiomoleculesAI
SLS Bio12 Biomolecules (AI)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Molecules tending to raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, lower its pH, sharp or sour taste, conduct electricity, corrosive |
| Base | Molecules tending to lower the hydrogen ion concentration and raise pH, caustic, bitter, slippery in water, take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions |
| Amino Acid | monomer of protein, contains amino group and an acid group |
| Adenosenide Triphosphate (ATP) | Nucleotiide with three phosphate groups, breakdown makes energy available for cell processes |
| Buffer | Substance r group of substances that tend to resist pH changes, stabilizing acidity and base |
| Carbohydrate | Class of organic compound characterized by presence of CH2O groups |
| Complementary Base Pairing | Hydrogen Bonding between bases (DNA: Thymine with Adenine, Guanine with Cytosine) |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Chemical reaction resulting in covalent bond, loss of a water molecule |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | Nucleic Acid found in cells, genetic material that specifices protein synthesis |
| Dipeptide | Molecule with one amino acid joined by two peptide bonds |
| Disaccharide | Sugar that ocntains two units of a monosaccharide |
| Double Helix | Shape of DNA |
| Hemoglobin | Oxygen carrying pigment of red blood cells |
| Hydrogen Bonding Hydrogen Bonding | Weak bond between positive polar end of hydrogen atom and negative end of adjacent hydrogen atom |
| Hydrolysis | Process of adding water to go from a polymer to a monomer |
| Lipid | Organic molecule made of glycerol and fatty acids, insoluble in water |
| Monomer | molecule that can bond with other identical molecules to form a polymer |
| Monosaccharide | Carbohydrate made of one sugar unit and less than 7 carbons in the ring |
| Neutral Fat | Fats or oils produced from dehydration synthesis of fatty acids |
| Nucleic Acids | Organic substance present in living in cells, especially DNA/RNA and ATP |
| Nucleotide | Composed of a pentose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base |
| Organic | Compound containing carbon |
| Peptide Bond | Bond between carboxyl and amino groups in a protein |
| pH | Scale to describe acidity of a solution |
| Phospholipid | Lipid molecule with a phosphate group attached |
| Polarity | One end of a molecule has a slightly positive charge and the other end slightly negative |
| Polymer | Large molecule made up of several monomer units |
| Polypeptide | Polymer consisting of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
| Polysaccharide | Polymers of glucose |
| Primary Structure | Most simple, linear protein structure |
| Protein | Molecule with amino group, carboxyl group, R-group |
| Quaternary Structure | Clustering of several tertiary structured proteins in to one |
| R-Group | Attached to carbon in an amino group, different for different proteins |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | Functions in the synthesis of protein, ribose sugar, bases are adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | Fat, usually of animal origin, hard to break down. |
| Secondary Structure | Folding of peptide chain into a helix |
| Solvent | Liquid used to dissolve a solute into a solution |
| Starch | Main storage form of sugar in plants, few side chains, many glucose molecules linked together but cannot be broken into glucose by human body |
| Steroid | Lipids with a very different structure. Precursor to estrogen and testosterone. |
| Tertiary Structure | Three dimensional structure of a protein or nucleic acid |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | Oil, usually of plant origin, double bond between carbons allows for the bond to break and have room for other molecules |
| Nitrogenous Base | Nitrogen containing base. In DNA: guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine. In RNA: guanine, adenine, uracil, cytosine |
Created by:
annabelirwin
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